Psychology of Negotiation Essay

Abstract Every day we may negotiate with people many times without being aware of it. The social reality is actually a big negotiating table, and we are playing a variety of negotiators in different situations. In the community, you might have conflict with others, and in order to solve these conflicts, you need to negotiate. Negotiation, to some extent, is a psychological game. So if we have the knowledge of it, we can make a good deal. This paper talked about the significance of studying psychological of negotiation, people’s different needs, motives, and temperaments in negotiation which could help negotiators to make successful negotiations with knowing them. Also, how to deal with the emotion problems people may have during negotiations. Negotiation is an indispensable part of our daily life, because it happens in our lives almost every day. Once we get rid of negotiation, we’re going to lose many of our rights, and right then it’s hard to express our true thoughts, and even if there are conflicts of interests, we can not protect our own benefits. In essence, the direct reason that lead to negotiation is the demands of negotiating parties, or the demand of the organization that one represents, can not be ignored when the other party meet their demand. Therefore, the main purpose of two parties participating in a negotiation, are not only to pursue their own needs, but also to find an acceptable solution for both parties through the exchanging of views and consulting. Former U.S. President John F. Kennedy had a famous saying in his inaugural speech, â€Å"let us never negotiate out of fear, but let us never fear to negotiate.† On some level, negotiation is a mental game. We can learn from psychology that people’s needs, motives and behavior are closely related. What in a person’s mind affect his behavior, so psychology of business negotiation has important impact on the behavior in negotiation. Using psychological knowledge in negotiations will help people win the game. Psychology of business negotiation refers to various mental activities of negotiators in negotiations. It is a subjective reflection of negotiators towards variety of situations, conditions and other objective facts in negotiation. For example, when negotiator first meets the opponent in negotiation, and if the opponent is polite, sincere, and easy to communicate, the negotiator will has a good impression toward the other, and  he will be more confident and hopeful to make the deal. Being familiar with psychology in negotiation, will help negotiators handle a variety of complex negotiation problem flexibly and efficiently. I t is also significant for negotiators to develop excellent psychological quality, maintain a good attitude, judge the opponent’s psychological states and motives correctly, and predict and guide opponent’s behavior. The negotiator’s self-confidence in making negotiation successful, the sincerity towards negotiation, the management and control of emotion in negotiation, and the prevention and handling with obstacles are indispensable psychological qualities that guarantee successful negotiation. Therefore, negotiator should develop and improve their own excellent psychological qualities, and abandon the bad psychological behavior. The secret of negotiation is to grasp each other’s needs. Demand is the core of the negotiation. Needs and meeting the needs is the common basis for negotiation. For example, I have my own needs and the ability to satisfy others, and others have their own needs and the abilities to satisfy my needs. Therefore, we can satisfy each other, and this becomes the common basis of negotiation. Demand is a subjective state when one lacks something, which is a reflection of the needs of the people of a certain objective things, and that the objective needs of nature and society reflected in the brain. The demands in negotiation have several types: 1. Physiological needs: the original, basic, necessary needs for human survival, such as breathing, eating, drinking, sleeping, etc. No matter how tight, intense the negotiation is, the personnel participating in the negotiation must ensure to meet the physiological needs. The better we set up the dining, resting and entertainment in the negotiation, the higher the efficiency of negotiation is going to be. On the contrary, if people’s physiological needs can be satisfied, the negotiation can be directly affected. 2. Security needs: mainly refers to a person’s sense of security, stability and order. Business negotiators have strong security needs. To consider the credit security, the negotiators usually like to deal with old customers, and they feel scruples in dealing with new customers. In business negotiations, negotiators are generally concerned about the risks in transactions. For negotiators that are more sensitive, they would worry the condition of the main qualif ications, property, funds and reputation of the opponents. Sometimes they prefer to give up the attractive large  transactions, to select more solid small transactions or even give up the transaction. 3. Social needs: mainly represent the needs to seek and improve interpersonal relationship. Business negotiators have social needs. Negotiations are typical social activities. In a society that economy and culture are well-developed, people’s activities show their social needs. Social needs is a delicate and subtle needs, and it is related to one’s personality, psychological characteristics, experiences, cultural upbringing, habits, and religious beliefs. 4. Esteem needs: including being respected and self-esteem. To embody it is to hope one himself or herself having ability and achievements, be qualified for a job, be eager to get the appreciation of others, fame and glory. This kind of psychological needs showing in negotiation is that some people like to show their identity and authority, or others like to listen to people’s compliments and so on. The person who has a strong esteem needs might has aggressive and hostile behavior, or does not like to cooperate because of the working of psychological defense when his or her does not feel to be respected or the pride was hurt, and this will bring a big obstacle to negotiation. U.S. Oil Consortium would like to buy natural gas in Mexico with low price, so they had a negotiation about the price. The U.S. energy secretary believed that there was no potential buyer and Mexico would lower the price eventually since it was just a negotiation about money. However, the Mexicans needs w ere not only just selling natural gas at a good price, but also being respected and equal. And the Americans’ behavior looked like a bully for Mexicans, so the Mexico government decided not to burn the natural gas to the ground instead of selling to the U.S.. Therefore, any chance of making an agreement in politics is impossible. The case shows us that people may withdraw from the negotiation or give up the original plan of conducting transactions in order to safeguard the prestige and dignity. 5. Self-actualization needs: Self-actualization is to make one’s potential getting realistic. When you make the efforts to let others give you the special privilege, your satisfaction may reach a peak, and this is the representation of self-actualization. In actual negotiations, a strategy that people always use is to give the lowest offer, which is using this psychological phenomenon. â€Å"This is our best price†, is a typical example of using the psychology of pursuing self-actualization. In many circumstances,  negotiators are not on behalf of themselves, but on behalf of the organization to participate the negotiations. While they are trying to meet the individual needs, they also have to consider about the needs of the group or the organization. As a negotiator representing an organization, from the view of ethics, the needs of the organization should be put in the first place. One should try to satisfy the needs of group or organization through hard work. Where there is a need, there is a motive. Motive is the internal power to promote people to meet the needs. In other words, it is an internal driving force to promote people to do activities. The motive of negotiation is the driver to promote negotiators to make a negotiation to meet their needs. â€Å"Social motives determine negotiators’ preferences for resource allocation, that is, wheth er negotiators’ focus on maximizing collective or personal outcomes.† (Olekalns, M. & Smith, P.L., Jan, 2012) There are four-type motives of negotiation. 1. Economy-type motive: This kind of motive refers to that the negotiators are very sensitive to the economic factors such as transaction price and they take economic interests seriously. The negotiating behavior is mainly driven by economic interests. 2. Impulse-type motive: This means that the negotiators are impulsive in decision-making in negotiations, and their negotiating behaviors are induced by their emotions like irritation. 3. Misgiving-type motive: This means that the negotiators’ behavior is affected by suspicions and worries to cause the discreet negotiating behavior. 4. Adventurous-type motive: This means the negotiators like to take risks to pursue a more perfect outcome. Their negotiating behaviors are triggered by risks. When people have some kinds of needs but not be satisfied, they will have a nervous state of mind, and when they encounter the goal that can meet their needs, the nervous state of mind will turn into motives, to promote people engage in certain activities and achieve the goal. As a negotiator, one should have the insight to know the other party’s needs and motives, and adjust the negotiating strategy in order to have the control of negotiation. In business negotiation, the negotiators’ characteristics and personalities also have important impact on their negotiating behavior. â€Å"Personality clashes created via ‘posturing’ and ‘saving face’ can block progress in  negotiations.† (Hoffman, E., Dec, 2012) Personality affects the style, efficiency and effectiveness of negotiation. 2500 years ago, the ancient reek physician Hippocrates believed that the human body was filled with four basic substances, called humors. The four humors were black bile, yellow bile, phlegm, and blood. (Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia) The four humors form the four types of temperament. The negotiating personality of each temperament is power-type, convince-type, execute-type and misgiving-type. 1. Power-type: Power-type negotiator is a competitive opponent in negotiation. If you obey him, he will â€Å"eat you up†, and if you resist him, the negotiation will come to a dead end or be terminated. The best way to deal with this kind of people is to overcome hardness with softness. When they are furious or try to force one to make a deal, do not rush to refute or give it back, one should try his or her best to avoid direct conflict face to face, and be patient to listen. When the conflict is inevitable, one shall not surrender. One should use the facts to prove they were wrong, and fight back calmly. When you speak for the truth, they will be cool and may have respect and admire for you. It’s good to satisfy their self-esteem, stimulate challenge, make obstacles and induce risks to make the negotiation succeed. 2. Convince-type: The most common negotiators are convince-type in negotiation. They are shrewd, cautious, affable in appearance, and full of charm. They are good at discover and cater the opponents’ interest, and convince people gradually. Under many circumstances, even if they do not agree with other parties’ proposals, they would not refuse directly, and they always try to convince the other parties or illustrate their reason why they do not accept. The best way to deal with this kind of people is to persuade them repeatedly, because they like to hear from others and love to take advices. As long as your products fit their needs, and the price is reasonable, they will take it eventually. In addition, they are concerned about relationships, and they do not like making conflict, so repeated persuasion will be very effective. It’ll be good to make small conflicts and prepare some compliments and many questions in details to make the deal quick in negotiation. â€Å"It’s a fact of life that dealing with an intelligent well-balanced person will be the toughest negotiation, but it also offers the prospect of creating a genuine â€Å"win-win† agreement in the shortest possible time.† (Palmer, A., 2006) 3. Execute-type: The negotiators have  this kind of temperament can not work independently in negotiations. They like to play by the rules and implement with the plan in advance toward superiors’ orders and instructions. They usually do not have their own ideas and insights, and they lack of the ability to think and imagine. They often have poor decision-making and adapting ability. Trying to keep the status quo as it is is their greatest wish. The most effective way to deal with this kind of people is to be calm, patient and try to use more detailed information and precedents. They like safe and orderly negotiation. As far as possible to negotiate as planed when they are your opponents. They are concerned about the details, so try to show more information to support your idea and gain their trust. It’s good to divide negotiation to some periods with specific goals, and try to speed up the process of negotiation. 4. Misgiving-type: This kind of opponents have strong security needs and risk awareness. They always have scruples when dealing with new customers. They are worried about having disadvantage and being cheated, so they are anxious for gains and losses, sensitive, suspicious, defensive, close-minded and critical. They like to spy on their opponents’ minds, so it is advised to take a moderate negotiation with them. The effective way to deal with them is to provide more witnesses, evidences and other proofs. This kind of opponents is very suspicious. Whatever you say, they want to confirm to be assured. If you fool them with one answer, it seems to be impossible to gain their trust again. You have to be honest and passionate with these people. It is good to be cautious with your behavior, give them time to consider, make small conflict when they are doubted with the apparent facts. Therefore, when we observe and understand the opponents’ types, we can accept their shortcomings and deficiencies calmly, and take effective measures according to their psychological characteristics to control the direction of negotiations. Although we know the types of people we are going to deal with in negotiations, everyone has emotions that may blow off the negotiations. Business negotiations are complex and variable, and both parties’ emotions may fluctuate with the process of negotiation. Being too emotional is not good for negotiation. â€Å"The most successful negotiators are able to rise above the emotional aspects separating the people from the tasks.† (The Psychology of Negotiation) We have to make effective regulations on emotions of each party, we can make the negotiations proceed  in the way we expected. Negotiators should have self-control of their emotions. Whether the negotiations are going well or bad for their own party, they should be ratio nal rather than being manipulated by the opponents. â€Å"Mueller and Curhan found that negotiators with emotionally intelligent opponents were more satisfied with the negotiation outcome, liked their partners better, and were more willing to engage in future negotiations with the same partner than those negotiators with opponents who did not understand emotion as well.† (Gelafand, M.J., Fulmer, A. & Severance, L.) Sometimes people can use good-cop, bad-cop strategy to control the opponents in order to make the deal. U.S. tycoons Howard Hughes once wanted to buy a fleet of aircraft. Because he wanted to purchase a huge amount, it was a very good deal for the manufacturers. But Hughes stated that he wanted to write down his specific requirements on the agreement which were 34 clauses totally, and the manufacturer had to fulfill 11 clauses of the requirements. Hughes’s attitude in the negotiation is domineering, and hard-lined. He refused to consider about others, which aroused the anger of the manufacturer. At last, the m anufacturer announced that they would not have any negotiation with him. So later, Hughes sent his private representative to come forward to negotiate, and finally they made the deal with fulfilling 30 clauses of the requirements. But how did the representative win the negotiation? The answer is simple. Every time they had a conflict, the representative would ask, â€Å"Who do you prefer to settle this problem with, me or Howard Hughes?† So they eventually made it work by playing â€Å"good-cop and bad-cop†. Negotiation is an activity we may have to participate almost every day. Where there is a conflict, there will be a negotiation or compromise. However, we could use psychology to analysis people’s minds and behavior in negotiation to help us make a successful negotiation. Reference Hoffman, E.(Dec.2012). For dealing with the psychological factors that can block progress in negotiations. Retrieved from http://www.ciian.org/assets/forms/negotiation.pdf Homorism. Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humorism Gelafand, M.J., Fulmer, A. & Severance, L. The psychology of negotiation and mediation. Retrieved from http://www.bsos.umd.edu/psyc/gelfand/GelfandFulmerSeverence.pdf Olekalns, M. & Smith, P.L..(Jan,2012). Psychological aspects of negotiating strategies and processes. Melbourne Business School. Retrieved from http://works.bepress.com/mara_olekalns/20 Palmer, A. (2006). Psychology and Negotiation. Negotiation. Retrieved from http://www.negotiation.biz/psychology.htm The Psychology of Negotiation. Training, LLC. Retrieved from http://www.champtrainer.com/documents/the_psychology_of_negotiation.pdf

Rhetoric Essay Samples Reviews & Tips

Rhetoric Essay Samples Reviews & Tips The Battle Over Rhetoric Essay Samples and How to Win It It is crucial to keep in mind that you're not obligated to condemn or endorse the stance that the author has taken. Sherry also uses pathos by keeping the fashion of the reading simple and simple to follow. An author is attempting to evoke a sense of depression into the reader's mind. Any author strives to get the audience relate to what they're arguing. While it comes from somebody with authority, it's an anecdote from over a hundred decades ago and it is Nietzsche's opinion. The author asserts that the sort of relationship he has with nature is one which is innate. Since you may see, it isn't essential for the author to be a professional in the field you consider, but it's always fantastic to demonstrate he or she indeed has a say. This, nevertheless, isn't the author's desire. Up in Arms About Rhetoric Essay Samples? Bear in mind your rhetorical analysis doesn't need to be all positive or all negative. Rhetoric analysis is a method of understanding and inferring texts or some other literature work which might be in form of a film or video. A rhetorical analysis isn't a summary. It includes similar techniques. As an issue of fact, estimating appeals is critical to all rhetorical analysis essay examples. Don't be scared to cite references in case you have to do a little bit of research. It is crucial to dedicate a while to learn various strategies utilized by the modern-day writers and scholars. Rhetorical analysis example does not need a good deal of external research, but you may want to include sources that explain various procedures of persuasion to demonstrate the method by which the author of the works you're analyzing convinces their audience. If you're scared of the outcome, just bear in mind, you won't ever know the authentic result until you truly try it. To pass the program, you must scrutinize the subject and know about the rhetorical ways. Considering that the exam is implemented within a limited time period, you should structure the job. Any exam is a time-limited procedure, so if you really need to ace it, preparation is the secret to success. You've got to reveal the end result of the author's speech and its impact. Now, it's time to proceed to the thorough instruction of producing such paper. Movement in the video is also an essential technique. Knowing the context of this advertisement is essential to totally grasp how kairos played a pivotal part within this rhetorical circumstance. Understanding Rhetoric Essay Samples A rhetorical analysis essay is occasionally an extremely difficult endeavor for students to grasp. You need to make your thesis statement. Students are often scared of rhetorical analysis essays because they don't know how to write them. As an issue of fact, a rhetorical essay is really straightforward. In fact, a rhetorical essay is not as complicated than you believe. It is like an engine. Writing a rhetorical analysis essay for the very first time will probably seem to be an impossible endeavor. Bear in mind, your essay ought to be written logically and coherently. Introduce the article which you intend to analyze in your essay. This essay is broken up into three distinct pieces. Do not neglect to proofread your essay. Perfection includes practice. Just take a good look at the essay to see whether there are any grammar and spelling inconsistencies or, simple typos in that issue. This paper does the same mistake. Every paper needs to be formatted in compliance with the instructions of your professor. It's possible to always have your professor look at your paper and provide you advice. It's also feasible to bring a recommendation on how best to make a more powerful argument on a paper's topic. If you opt to analyze rhetorical appeals, then you might have to to organize every one of them into another body paragraph. Keep in mind your argument starts with the very first words of your paper.

Colonialism and Imperialism in Africa Essay - 1158 Words

Disease and Imperialism in Africa Diseases were prevalent in Africa during the time of European Imperialism. Disease affected both natives and European peoples in Africa. African diseases affected both natives and European explorers and soldiers as well as diseases brought by the Europeans that affected the Africans. Numerouks diseases impadcted the Europeans in Africa during the time of Imperialism. During the time of Imperialism many explorers and soldiers died of disease. During 1804-25 over 60 per cent of the men sent out by the Church Missionary Society died of disease (McLynn 228). Traveling to Africa was very dangerous. Before the 19th century, European soldiers in the tropical areas [in Africa] died†¦show more content†¦Although malaria was a major problem among Europeans, it was uncommon among Africans because they had developed an immunity to malaria (McLynn 228). In the 1850s, the primary breakthrough in the fight against malaria came with quinine (McLynn 232). The introduction of prophylactic quinine for malaria, [sic] suddenly reduced mortality by one-half (Smaldone). European medicine was brought over to help the explorers. Colonial medicine existed primarily to make the tropics fit for the white man to inhabit (Manderson 102). The hospitals were built in European settleme nts which were generally far away from the natives homes and to benefit the Europeans only (Manderson 103). The improvement of tropical medicine accelerated imperialism because the military and explorers were not being stopped by disease (Smaldone). Disease, native to Africa as well as those brought by Europeans, also took a large toll on the native peoples of Africa. Native diseases included malaria, sleeping sickness (trypunosomiasis), bilharzia, filariasis, hookworm infestation (ahkylostomiasis) and river blindness (onchocerciasis) (McLynn 227). It was sleeping sickness or tryanosomiasis that cause the greatest ravages among Africas indigenous population (McLynn 238). Sleeping sickness was highly contagious once contracted, was initiated by the parasitic trypanosomes conveyed in the bite of the tsetse fly (McLynn 239). InitialShow MoreRelated French and British Colonialism and Imperialism in Africa Essays1479 Words   |  6 PagesFrench and British Colonialism and Imperialism in Africa Africa is home to countless cultures that all have their own unique ideas and customs. During the past couple of centuries, these cultures were threatened to the point where they almost ceased to exist. The Berlin Conference was a very important occurrence in Africa and Europes history. It legitimized what the European powers, mainly France and Britain, had been doing for the past hundred years, without the approval of any African countryRead MoreSimilarities Between Imperialism And Post Colonialism1606 Words   |  7 PagesImperialism, colonialism, and post colonialism are all a very important part of history. Each of these are present in the writings for the topic of the essay. The three writings that will be discussed are Clarice Lispectors The Smallest Woman In The World, Jamaica Kincaids On Seeing England For The First Time, and Civil Peace by Chinua Achebe. Each of these writings give great examples of imperialism, colonialism, and post colonialism through different perspec tives and from different parts ofRead MoreEssay on Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness1276 Words   |  6 Pagesof Darkness presents one of fictions strongest accounts of British imperialism. Conrad’s attitude towards imperialism and race has been the subject of much literary and historical debate. Many literary critics view Conrad as accepting blindly the arrogant attitude of the white male European and condemn Conrad to be a racist and imperialists. The other side vehemently defends Conrad, perceiving the novel to be an attack on imperialism and the colonial experience. Understanding the two viewpoints sideRead MoreEssay on Hearts of Darkness: Post Colonialism850 Words   |  4 PagesWrite a critique of Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness, based on your reading about post-colonialism and discussing Conrads view of African culture as other. What would someone from Africa think about this work? Heart of Darkness starts out in London and also ends there as well. Most of the story takes place in the Congo which is now known as the Republic of the Congo. Heart of Darkness was essentially a transitional novel between the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. During the nineteenthRead MoreAn Area Is Not A Simple Process1620 Words   |  7 Pageswill examine the effects of decolonisation by drawing an outline of the causes that led to the decline of European Imperialism in Africa. The assessment will be focusing on the continuations and disparities following the period of Long Depression at the end of the nineteenth century, which included the Scramble for Africa† and the political dissecting of the continent. Imperialism is the extension of a country s eminence into foreign territories and can be conducted by various means. The countriesRead MoreWorld Issues : Personal Opinion1572 Words   |  7 PagesWorld Issues: Personal Opinion Essay- The Positives of Colonialism: Colonialism has been portrayed as leaving negative impacts on countries, however many do not take into consideration the positives effects of colonization. The people of Africa established a mainstream religion to follow (Christianity), including new laws and a new political system. Countries bonded with one another and signed agreements to prevent conflict between countries. It has benefited many people that were illiterate; schoolsRead Moreâ€Å"Theme of Post-Colonialism in Things Fall Apart†657 Words   |  3 Pagesâ€Å"Theme of Post-Colonialism in Things Fall Apart† The Post-Colonial literature that describes what happens to a strong African, Asian once colonist settle in the area. Post Colonial literature considers vexed cultural- political questions of national and ethnic identity, otherness, race, imperialism and language, during and after the colonial periods. The term is applied most often to writings from Africa, The Indian subcontinent, The Caribbean, and other regions whose histories during the 20thRead MoreThe Decline Of The Ottoman Empire1240 Words   |  5 Pagesboth India and Africa. The decline of the Ottoman Empire was significantly different compared to India and Africa because their collapse was much more gradual and over a vast period of time. They were at least able to resist against the foreign power during that time. The Ottoman empire was competed over by the Europeans and wanted to gain more control. They had sign treaties and wage wars with the Ottoman which were slowly losing land to the Europeans. Unlike in India and Africa, the EuropeansRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Heart Of Darkness 1571 Words   |  7 PagesDarkness explores the issues surrounding imperialism in complicated ways. As Marlow travels from the Outer Station to the Central Station and finally up the river to the Inner Station, he encounters scenes of torture, cruelty, and near-slavery. At the very least, the incidental scenery of the book offers a harsh picture of colonial enterprise. The impetus behind Marlow’s adventures, too, has to do with the hypocrisy inherent in the rh etoric used to justify imperialism. The men who work for the Company describeRead MoreEuropean Colonization and African American Development943 Words   |  4 PagesEuropean Colonization and African American Development During the period of 1885-1905, as Africa was divided into 55 small states, an era of economic tug-of-war between the British and the French known as â€Å"The Scramble for Africa† became the target of prosperity. While campaigned to end slavery and all affiliations with the slave trade, this method of colonial rule not only effectively controlled various territories, but also altered the lives of indigenous African people. Through tactics of indirect

A Spiritual Perspective On Theological Inquiry Essay

A Spiritual Perspective on Theological Inquiry Spiritual practice and theological inquiry are not mutually exclusive, rather they possess an intrinsic connection. This relationship also exists between spirituality and self-reflexivity, promoting an examined life which connects to a larger moral vision that extends beyond the self into the community. Spirituality, theological inquiry, and self-reflexivity interact as a paradox of religious identity rooted in one’s being while also being critically open, fair-minded, and participatory in dialogue. Karl Rahner’s â€Å"The Hearer of the Message† delineates the inherent connectivity between academic and spiritual life, religious tradition and community, theology and self-reflexivity. Through the lense of Rahner, I will argue that the self-reflexive writing and pursuit of philosophical theology in both religious and academic contexts is a spiritual practice. Obstacles to an Academic and Spiritual Life Rahner underscores the interlocking relationship of philosophy and theology, and this idea directly pertains to the relationship between academic and spiritual contexts. Rather than being so opposed, the love of wisdom is akin to the love of the Divine. Stemming from a collection of sources, I will explore the relationship of spirituality to the present world, in religious and academic spheres. Schneider’s â€Å"Religion vs. Spirituality: A Contemporary Conundrum†, Sheldrake’s â€Å"Christian Spirituality as a Way of Living Publicly† and â€Å"TheShow MoreRelatedJesus And The Politics Of Interpretation816 Words   |  4 Pagesspecializes in scripture and interpretation from a feminist perspective. She has noticed masculine language which dominates in the construction of the Historical-Jesus and attempts to challenge this language to reform the context of the quest for the Historical-Jesus so it is all inclusive. Jesus and the Politics of Interpretation is not another book which seeks to describe who the Historical-Jesus is; rather, â€Å"it is a sustained rhetorical inquiry into the scholarly discourses that produce the Historical-JesusRead MoreThe Early Approach To Creation And Redemption. . 1. Creation1916 Words   |  8 Pagesof concern. This view suffers from taking the problems of human beings as a starting point in theological inquiry rather than the purposes of God. It tends toward individualizing faith so that creation is not seen as a corollary of redemption with its different emphases and purposes. This form of interpretation is a result of the secularization of theology and the Overemphasis of one theological perspective to the exclusion of others. Such individualism is expressed in two ways: undue attention toRead MoreThe Concept Of God And Religion Essay1692 Words   |  7 Pagesontological independence. The divine eternity means more, however, than simply that God exists without beginning or end, as is indicated in this passage from Anselm (1033-1109). While the theological concepts draw independent idealist ontology, Spirituality is a construct derived from the same. The central point of spiritual orientation is considered to be built up from the perceptions and actions of social actors, giving rise to a position of constructionism. Spirituality as a concept cannot be seen asRead MoreThe Difference between Pure Logic and Scientific Logic and Its Relation to the Problems on Earth1538 Words   |  6 Pagesfundamentally empirical and is constantly being refined, reevaluated and restated. The everyday problems in life, however, are rarely changing, if one wishes to view them from the perspective of pure logic. Pure logic accepts that the everyday problems of life, the vices with which everyone deals (social and spiritual), are not merely the economical and political problems of the day particular to a place and time, but are similar to all men in all walks of life. The more one reads Plato, for instanceRead MoreA Philosophical Enquiry into the Origin of Our Ideas of the Sublime and Beautiful: Edmund Burke1299 Words   |  6 Pages‘’sub limis’’, from sub- up to plus a second element, perhaps related to limen threshold, limus oblique. If we search in a dictionary this word the first definitions that appear are the following: -of high moral, aesthetic, intellectual, or spiritual value; noble; exalted -inspiring deep veneration, awe, or uplifting emotion because of its beauty, nobility, grandeur, or immensity Thus, the sublime is a pleasurable sensation that differs from the sense of calm produced by beauty. It is a completelyRead More The Nature of Faith Essay examples2203 Words   |  9 Pagesexperience. Events can often be understood by some people as aesthetic or pleasant [1] rather than religious because their frame of reference rejects the spiritual connection for a more temporal one. However, of course, there are experiences that people have that by-pass any effort on their part to explain them naturally and clearly demonstrate a spiritual situation. One British scholar described his experience, like those of many others, that convinced him of the reality of God. He had no religion,Read MoreThe Voice of the Voiceless2205 Words   |  9 Pagesnations, the phenomenon of abortion has become a reality not frowned at among these nations but one that is encouraged as an expression of human freedom and an instrument of population control. In this article, we shall provoke, and not just provide, theological cum sociological reflections on the act of abortion so as to lay bared the often taken for granted assumptions of its right and left wing proponents. INTRODUCTION The term â€Å"Abortion† is etymologically rooted in the Latin word â€Å"Aboriri† meaningRead MoreSocial Education And Religious Education1805 Words   |  8 Pagesarrive at a more rigorous theoretical conceptualisation of the underlying paradigms of contemporary religious education. On Holy Ground offers a critical outline of six paradigms or models of religious education: the scriptural-theological; the phenomenological; the spiritual-experiential; the philosophical-conceptual; the socio-cultural; and the historical-political. In educational terms, the implications of Gearon’s research is significant for each of these paradigmatic models have their own directRead MoreMalik Johnson. Professor Cimorelli. Th 334-001. 1 May 2017.1606 Words   |  7 Pagesunderstand the Son of God. From a philosophical perspective, the problem arises when people begin questioning about the reliability of the existing evidence. Most of what humanity knows about Christ derives from the events in the Gospels in the New Testament of the Bible, which brings up questions of mankind’s dependence on those texts (O’Collins 5). Two ends of the spectrum arise to attempt to answer the inquiry: the maximalist and minimalist perspectives. Under the former way of Christological thinkingRead MoreThe Psychology Of Buddhism And Buddhism1504 Words   |  7 PagesUnited States. An epistemic shift toward empiricism and science is responsible for our contemporary rapprochement with the millennia old religion. Buddhism is hailed in the modern era for its â€Å"rejection of the theological impulse.† [Flanagan, 2003] Modern understanding of psychology and inquiry into the human mind has shown notable convergences with Buddhist ideology, with some even suggesting Buddhist practice as a form of psychotherapy. To understand the convergence between modern psychological

The Tried and True Method for Toefl Ibt Writing Essay Samples in Step by Step Detail

The Tried and True Method for Toefl Ibt Writing Essay Samples in Step by Step Detail Vital Pieces of Toefl Ibt Writing Essay Samples Don't be scared to talk about your ideas as part of creative procedure and remember there's just one approach to reach the desired goals receiving papers which have been meticulously checked, reviewed and proofread. The following two sections will explain the format and requirements of every one of the writing tasks in addition to how they'll be scored. Start writing only as soon as you have collected enough material. Instead use it in order to proofread your work! It can likewise be beneficial to review other TOEFL writing samples to receive a better idea about what a fantastic TOEFL essay appears like. Eventually, you will want to have a comprehensive TOEFL practice examit's the only means to be fully ready for the TOEFL. Great writing skills must be cultivated with practice. With the correct use of the subsequent communicative activities you c an better your general writing skills for TOEFL iBT test. My goal today is to offer you all of the info you'll want to be successful with the TOEFL Independent Writing section. Honest, dedicated practice is considerably more useful and potent. This free internet practice test will enhance your score. The Supreme Approach for Toefl Ibt Writing Essay Samples You won't be requested to present your opinion. Nobody will believe you as soon as you're telling the reality. Other people believe that it is always preferable to have a teacher. If people succeed, it is due to hard work. In the long term, it appears that hiding the truth isn't beneficial to either party. Even still, you'll never be able to replace your very best friends and family. My family and friends and all the things that I need are here. The One Thing to Do for Toefl Ibt Writing Essay Samples Note the way the information you listened to differs from the information which you read. Use certain examples and details to back up your answer. Use certain reasons and details to back up your answer. Use reasons and specific details to back up your answer. By employing appropriate linking words, you can make sure the neat stream of ideas from 1 sentence to the next. You also need to demonstrate an array of vocabulary and sentence types. To show Writing questions examples is a little difficult. Use a number of sentence patterns. Your spelling also needs to be correct. Try to remember that silly grammar mistakes are somewhat more harmful than complex ones. You don't have to be a grammar expert, but you need to demonstrate sentence variety. Your word is going to have no weighting. Toefl Ibt Writing Essay Samples Secrets That No One Else Knows About Each body paragraph should have a point that supports your primary idea. Explanation Style The reading provides three distinct ideas about the reason behind something or the usage of something or the main reason for something. You are able to also practice brainstorming or planning reasons even if it's the case that you don't compose a comprehensive reaction. You are going to be requested to present your opinion and offer reasons and examples. You're able to receive a fantastic feel for what the different sorts are like in the event you do all our free mini-TOEFL tests. Use particular reasons and examples to back up your answer. Use reasons and specific examples to back up your answer. You are able to submit your essay by registering for evaluation. Bear in mind that the thesis statement provides the most important idea or point of your essay. Try to remember you will have accessibility to the article as you write your essay. Use certain reasons to come up with your essay. You're going to be surrounded by writing professionals throughout the plan of order placement, and when you choose to purchase essay and pick an allocated writer, things will get even more exciting. You should express your primary idea in a crystal clear way in the debut of the essay. To start with, your focus ought to be on summarizing the primary points of the lecture. At the start of the lecture, you will hear the lecturer's major idea. You will be able to take notes as you listen to it though. You might only listen to the lecture once, but you can examine the article during the time that you are writing your essay. Then you are going to listen to a lecture concerning the exact topic. Toefl Ibt Writing Essay Samples - What Is It? Argument Style The reading creates a claim about a particular topic. If you don't feel just like you have enough time to compose essays all on your own, we will assist you, any instance of the day, seven days per week. Pick a topic and decide on a timer for thirty minutes. Write a review of the review which you find. Select a movie you have seen recently and compose a brief review.

Democrats vs. Whigs free essay sample

American System as a good structure and later, this system became the basis of the Whig Party. Also like the Federalists, the Wigs believed in a strong central government, supported the BUS, and were willing to compromise on the issue of slavery. Ultimately, the Whig party was just another name for the previous Federalist Party. The resurfacing of the two party system, the Democrats and the Wigs, between 1 820 and 1840 was primarily due to the major political personalities involved, states rights issues, and economic issues.Daniel Webster, the last spokesperson for the Federalists at the Hartford Convention, contributed to the start of the Whig party, maintaining the same Federalist views and simply converting them to the Whig party. Henry Clay, a national republican, was also an important person in the formation of a second party. Clays American System became the Whig Party Platform. With this platform, the Wigs developed the ideas that the Federalists previously believed. We will write a custom essay sample on Democrats vs. Whigs or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Another person who contributed to the formation of the Whig Party was Andrew Jackson himself. After the Nullification Crisis, many people opposing it started to dislike Jackson, so all the Jackson-haters joined together to form the Whig Party to oppose Jacksons Democratic Party. All three of these people, Webster, Clay and Jackson played a pivotal role in the formation of the second party known as the Whig Party. Opposing views regarding the Nullification Crisis was an additional reason for the development of the TV0 party system. Jackson tried to provide for national democracy but with the Tariff of Abominations, taxes were raised ND South Carolina could not afford anything because of their economic status. Threatening to leave the union, Calhoun, the Vice President, went to South Carolina and wrote, South Carolinas exposition and protest. This was Calhoun idea of Nullification and it provided a process that South Carolina could follow to solve their issues. Calhoun hoped that this process would take so long to complete that by the time they had gone through it, their problems would already be resolved.With a slight lowering of taxes in the Tariff of 833, South Carolina issued The Ordinance of Nullification, which said they would nullify the tariff if it were changed. Then Jackson issued the Force Act, which gave him the power to control South Carolina by any force necessary. With continuing disputes, the Compromise Tariff of 1833 was issued saying that over the next 13 years, the tariff would be lowered to meet the tariff in the year of 1816. After this incident, many people in South Carolina objected and believed that they deserved special rights.These opponents of Jackson owned together and formed the Whig Party. To provide equality of economic opportunity, Jackson got involved in the BUS, but his actions led to the development of the party system. Since the charter for the 2nd BUS was running out and Jackson was still going to be president, Nicholas Fiddle, the BUS president, needed to protect the BUS; Jackson was against the BUS and Fiddle knew he would veto a charter for another BUS. Webster, a hater of Jackson, came up with the idea to ask Congress for an early charter becauseAmericans would then see that Jackson would veto it. So Congress approved and Jackson vetoed it; however, he was still reelected. Jackson took this as a sign and thought Americans wanted him to cripple the BUS so he told his Attorney General, Roger B. Tangy, to take out all the federal money and put it into PET banks, which were smaller banks throughout America. This later caused inflation, then the Panic of 1837, and then a Great Depression. Everyone that opposed this action by Jackson began to hate him also, so they also joined the Whig party.With all these members, the Whig party was established as another dominant party, an alternative to the Democratic party. Between 1820 and 1840, several factors led to the development Of the Whig Party and a two party system. Specifically, the political personalities of Webster, Clay, and Jackson, varying views of states rights issues surrounding the Nullification Crisis, and economic issues related to the BUS all contributed to the development of the Whig Party. Opponents of the Democratic Party and Andrew Jackson joined forces to form the Whig party.

Movie Character Analysis Tony Stark in Iron Man Essay Example

Movie Character Analysis Tony Stark in Iron Man Paper In the film Iron Man (2008), Tony Stark is a diligent young adult, and the CEO of his family’s company: Stark Enterprises. Given that he inherited such a large company at such a young age, his personality can be described as narcissistic. However, prior to his successes, he was harbouring the death of his parents, along with his close friend Jarvis. Throughout the film, he deals with a number of traumatic experiences, for instance: nearly dying, and being held captive, which then progresses into his creation of Iron Man, an alter ego he generated through technological advances. Due to his near-death experience and the emotional trauma of losing his parents, Tony could land in the category of people with PTSD. Hence, his recurrent panic attacks and flashbacks. According tothe Anxiety and Depression Association of America’s website, the symptoms of PTSD can affect a person’s relationships, trust, closeness, communication, and problem solving. A few of these symptoms correlate with some of Tony’s behavior. This suggests that Tony leans toward technology more than other people because of his issues regarding PTSD. For instance, he frequently turns to his robots Dum-E and U to do both simple and difficult tasks. These robots’ soul purpose is to assist him in his creations. However, the brilliance of having this technology is that it can compensate for actual people and he can manipulate them to work however he wishes. In other words, he can trust in his technology because he creates it. Significantly, Tony’s constant need to c ontrol things is a reflection of his trust issues that come from PTSD. We will write a custom essay sample on Movie Character Analysis Tony Stark in Iron Man specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Movie Character Analysis Tony Stark in Iron Man specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Movie Character Analysis Tony Stark in Iron Man specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Iron Man is more than an invention of Tony Stark’s, it is an identity that he can hide behind, a likely result of his PTSD. Through Iron Man, Tony is more than just a genius, billionaire philanthropist; he is a courageous hero who never has to feel weak. Having PTSD can be debilitating, so this heroic persona distracts him from th