Essay on Interpersonal conflict in film “American Beauty”

Paper on Interpersonal clash in film â€Å"American Beauty† Paper on Interpersonal clash in film â€Å"American Beauty† Paper on Interpersonal clash in film â€Å"American Beauty†Each and each family can't be finished without clashes among youngsters and guardians. Additionally, there is literally nothing incorrectly in that as â€Å"right† clashes help to calm the strain between the members and offer the chance to discover a trade off arrangement without bargaining the interests of any relative. Accordingly, such clashes help to fortify the connections. However, this is truth just in regard of sensibly settled clashes. Considerably more frequently debates and fights may turn into the explanation behind smothered disdain, mental buildings and may even reason split of a family.In this exposition it will approach the interrelation struggle that has been appeared in such well known film as â€Å"American Beauty†. To be specific we might want to discuss the contention among guardians and their youngsters. Lester, father of the family, is a common delegate of the working class who face s the emotional meltdown and hauls out hopeless and useless presence. He is weary of everything; his better half and little girl believe that he is a useless washout. He imagines that he has lost something and doesn't have the foggiest idea what. His better half, Caroline, loathes him and treats her little girl as a slave. She is crazy and over the top with the outside trappings of thriving concealing her inward offensiveness and vacancy. Their lone little girl is Jane †an average young person who is effectively helpless and infamous. She despites her folks and needs them to vanish from her life. It tends to be seen from the absolute first scenes of the film when Jane says that she wouldn't like to have such a dad. Further, she says to her companion Angela â€Å"why can’t my folks have their own existence without me?†From the principal look, it might appear that it is an ideal American family that has basic interests, in any case, truth be told, the entirety of th e relatives despise one another. Both of the guardians are completely focused on their own lives and issues (mother with her darling and father with his emergency and enthusiasm to a little youngster). They absolutely overlook their little girl and demonstrate no enthusiasm to her life and assessment and that is an incredible slip-up as ordinary, well disposed and believing relations are significant in each family. Jane is a previously framed character with her own standards and convictions, yet her folks don't get that while stowing away over their own advantages in life.Despite the way that every once in a while guardians of Jane attempt to give some enthusiasm for her life (for example, when Lester attempts to turn out to be nearer to her through her young companion Angela), Jane still detests them. Mother with her fixation on material products just for quite a while overlooks them, she despite everything comes back to the materialistic qualities she acknowledges the most.To my s upposition, the contention among guardians and Jane came about right from the contention among Lester and Caroline who couldn't deal with their issues, disregard their own advantages and focus on the most significant †their girl. One may imagine that father despite everything comprehended his flaw toward the end and, along these lines, the issue could be fathomed. All things considered, this film shows the difficult that is trademark to numerous families all around the globe. Guardians should show more their youngsters, bolster them and regard their sentiment and convictions.

Post-war inequalities in British health and education Essay Example for Free

Post-war disparities in British wellbeing and instruction Essay Destitution or low extra cash regularly brings about a deficient situation and not just for the conspicuous absence of assets, for example, books, pens and paper. Clammy lodging can effectsly affect wellbeing bringing about lower school participation rates, or low focus levels if youngster is regularly feeling unwell. Not having a dispensed territory to examine is likewise a significant factor. Kellet and Dar (2007) found that in low salary regions where lodging was confined, youngsters asserted that Television was an interruption from schoolwork as a result of the clamor Other interruptions in the home condition were smoking, swearing, slamming and boisterous music. Additionally that schoolwork clubs were essential to the accomplishment of kids from burdened families. This examination was performed by youngsters, with the direction and exploration procedures of sociologists, there for it is seen as having a more profound and progressively legitimate understanding in to childrens issues. Different class factors bringing about underachievement might be more subtle. Qualities contrast between class points of view and influence a childs inspiration. Bowes et al (1990, p119) states that common laborers kids are bound to leave school when they can, to get a consistent line of work. Where as the white collar class esteem contrasted delight and Socialize their youngsters in to needing to stay in instruction in the desire for a superior activity when they do leave. This was affirmed by the Child Development overview, which discovered white collar class understudies remaining on at school and accomplishing better assessment results. The Home and The school study (1964) found that the level of guardians enthusiasm for their childrens training was the single, most significant factor influencing fulfillment. (Haralambos et al, 2004, p102). It found that Middle class guardians visited school more furthermore, were commonly increasingly intrigued by their childs training. It additionally expresses that an upper white collar class youngster was multiple times bound to get in to syntax school than a kid from the lower common laborers. Further increasingly the greater part of the average workers understudies who were effective, originated from homes where the moms were depressed white collar class. They needed their kids to progress nicely and communicated a lot of parental intrigue, Bowes et al (1990, p119). This is on the grounds that parental intrigue not just has an immediate effect on the inspirations and estimations of a kid, yet additionally on the school condition. Working class guardians, who frequently have progressively save time and discretionary cashflow to put resources into gathering pledges and extra curricular exercises, can increase the expectations of a school vastly. Making school a great spot to be, that is delighted in by all the family, makes the positive learning condition that youngsters flourish in. Understandably most average workers guardians are to caught up with acquiring an outside to discover the time and vitality to put resources into such undertakings and as such receive an Education is the schools work demeanor. It is likewise comprehended that language has had a negative effect on the working classs scholastic accomplishment. Teacher Basil Bernstein has indicated that the center and lower classes utilize various examples of discourse. He called these examples phonetic codes. As indicated by Bernstein, most white collar class youngsters have been associated in both confined and expand codes, and are familiar with each. Though common laborers youngsters are constrained to the confined code. Since educators will in general be white collar class and utilize the intricate code, regular workers understudies are put at a particular hindrance. There is additionally clarification for underachievement to be found in the shrouded educational program of an average workers educator, that is the subtle cues he goes to youngsters without aim. The social depravation hypothesis expresses that youngsters in the base classes are denied of significant qualities, mentalities, encounters and aptitudes which are basic to instructive achievement, (Haralambos et al, 2004, p102). This has been emphatically reprimanded and there is proof that if class contrasts in culture exist, they are slight and of little criticalness.

Is Western Management Concept Applicable Worldwide Free Essays

Are western administration ideas (like HRD) material around the world? A great deal of popular individuals from various piece of the world designed numerous administration ideas around the globe. In any case, every administration idea contains alternate point of view, distinctive culture, and diverse method of living. For instance, human asset improvement idea was designed in USA as an endeavor to adjust humanistic and financial objectives in the act of business associations. We will compose a custom exposition test on Is Western Management Concept Applicable Worldwide or then again any comparable theme just for you Request Now Because of the way that, human is being seen as asset in US culture and can be replaceable. In any case, in other piece of the world, for example, Asia, which had distinctive culture and incentive from the US, will never apparent individuals as asset. In this way, the Western administration idea won't pertinent worldwide because of the distinctions in culture and incentive in every nation. Social contrasts emerge from individuals esteem thing distinctively in every general public. As indicated by the article, the appropriateness of McGregor’s speculations in South East Asia by Geert Hofstede. There are four predominant worth examples among nations around the globe. Right off the bat, independence versus cooperation. Individualists are freely integrated and assume to deal with their own personal circumstance. Collectivists are integrated as a gathering and will care for the enthusiasm of the in-gathering. Furthermore, huge force separation versus little force separation. Huge force separation society esteems the pecking order of disparity as major standard on which all relations are based. Little force separation society regards disparity as fundamentally unwanted and attempts to decrease it where it emerges. Thirdly, solid vulnerability shirking versus powerless vulnerability evasion. Solid vulnerability evasion society instructs individuals to attempt to beat the future, which make more elevated level of nervousness in individuals. Feeble vulnerability shirking society shows their kin to acknowledge this vulnerability and not to get resentful about it. In conclusion, Masculinity versus womanliness. In manliness society, men should rule, to manage things and cash as opposed to individuals, to be objective and uninterested with magnificence, to be decisive and serious. In womanliness society, men are additionally expected to serve and not exclusively to rule, to be worried about individuals close to cash and things, to be instinctive, and inspired by excellence. In spite of the way that there are such huge numbers of various incentive among nations, made the distinctions in culture and how individuals carry on. As indicated by the considered, South East Asia nations are bound to be on Collectivist and Large Power Distance side. USA and the Netherlands both are bound to be on the Individualism and Smaller Power Distance side. While, on the element of Uncertainty Avoidance and Masculinity, every nation score diversely and doesn't group together in a similar landmass. Accordingly, the administration ideas like human asset advancement, that was created in USA, which has the attribute of Individualism, Small Power Distance, Weak Uncertainty Avoidance, and Masculinity society, won't relevant in other nation that has diverse trademark, for example, Thailand for instance. Thailand is a nation in South East Asia with the attribute of Collectivism, Large Power Distance, Average Uncertainty Avoidance, and greater Femininity. The Western Management idea like human asset advancement with the conviction of thinking about individuals as asset, that can be replaceable and the people is considered answerable for their own improvement won't fit in the Thai culture. In Thai culture, individuals won't be consider as asset but instead will be place in some kind of relationship once they went into the gathering, for example, sibling, sister, uncle, auntie, niece, or nephew. The relationship is being put in request to show the status of that individual whether the person in question is more youthful or more seasoned on the grounds that in Thai culture more youthful individuals need to regard the older folks. In addition, in Thai culture more youthful individuals need to comply with the seniors as they accept that more established individuals has more involvement with life. Subsequently, in Thai society, it isn't regular that youngsters will turn into the leader of the division or become the priest in the bureau, despite the fact that you moved on from the best college on the planet and spent significant time in the field. Notwithstanding that, Thailand is likewise a community society and individuals might want to stay away from the vulnerability. In this way, Thai individuals are very unwaveringness to their activity and the organization, they work for. A few people even work at a similar spot for the entire life and here and there they even send their kids to function as a similar organization too. Along these lines, with this sort of dependability it causes the connection among boss and workers to turn out to be considerably more fortify all together family. This is the motivation behind why Thai society is a greater amount of vulnerability shirking and more ladylike than the Western nation. In the outcomes of the diverse in worth and culture the administration ideas that created from the Western viewpoint won't material overall particularly in the nation that has entirely unexpected worth and culture. In any case, with the distinctions in culture and incentive in various nation doesn't imply that we need to imagine extraordinary administration idea for every nation yet rather to adjust the idea in the neighborhood route concerning coherence of old qualities and nearby customs. Instructions to refer to Is Western Management Concept Applicable Worldwide, Essay models

The Anselm Ontological Argument Philosophy Essay

The Anselm Ontological Argument Philosophy Essay In this paper I will contend that Anselms ontological contention for the presence of God is undoubtedly sufficient for setting up the essential presence of the Greatest Conceivable Being. So as to achieve this, I will contend that Anselms premises are sound, and that his decision legitimately follows his premises. I will likewise guard Anselms contention by exhibiting that issues with Anselms contention are unconvincing. My attention will be on Gaunilos issue with Anselms contention. Basically, Gauinilos complaint is that Anselms contention can be adjusted to demonstrate the presence of any idea just by utilizing the definition that the idea is more noteworthy than every single other idea which can be imagined this will be discredited. Before I start my contention I will remake the from the earlier ontological contention set forward by Anselm to demonstrate the presence of the Greatest Conceivable Anselm starts his contention by presenting â€Å"the fool†, a reference to Psalms 53:1. This idiot â€Å"has said that in his heart, [that] there is no God†, or preventing the presence from claiming God. Anselm expresses that even this blockhead, â€Å"when he knows about this being of which I talk a being-than-which-nothing-more prominent can-be-thought comprehends what he hears, and what he comprehends is in his comprehension; in spite of the fact that he doesn't comprehend it to really exist† (Anselm 15). Basically, Anselm makes the case that even â€Å"the fool† is compelled to surrender that the idea of the Greatest Conceivable Being exists in the psyche, since he has been recounted it. So as to demonstrate the presence of God, Anselm embraces the nitwits position for his A priori contention. Anselm doesn't accept the dolts position to be right, however utilizes it to show that in the event that God exists in comprehension, or the psyche, at that poin t He should exist in actuality. Anselm announces that it is one thing for an item to exist in the brain, one more to comprehend that it really exists. To this end, Anselm proceeds onward to give a case of how something can exist in the brain and truly. The case of a painter is presented by Anselm. Before a painter makes an image, claims Anselm, he has a comprehension of what the composition will resemble in his psyche. Endless supply of the artwork, the painter will comprehend that it exists in his psyche, for they had the picture of the work of art before he made it, and actually, on the grounds that now they can see the artistic creation before themselves with their own eyes (Anselm 15). Anselm next characterizes God as a being-than-which-nothing-more prominent can-be-considered. Anselm follows this definition with the reason that on the off chance that a being exists in the seeing, yet not in actuality, at that point a more prominent being can be imagined (Anselm 15). To state this point Anselm contends, â€Å"For if [The Greatest Conceivable Being] exists exclusively in the psyche alone, it very well may be thought of to exist as a general rule too, which is greater† (Anselm 15). Using that on the off chance that a being exists just in seeing, at that point a more prominent being exists, Anselm arrives at the decision that a more prominent being than God can be considered. Anselm doesn't accept that this end is exact, in any case, expressing that it is â€Å"obviously impossible†. By arriving at this resolution, Anslem is attempting to demonstrate that on the off chance that one comprehends God to be the Greatest Conceivable Being and just exist in un derstanding as an idea, however not reality, at that point the end contradicts the premises. Anselms case is basically that in light of the fact that the meaning of God isn't being referred to, â€Å"the fool† must be mixed up in expecting that God just exists as an idea. Along these lines, Anselm arrives at the resolution that God must exist in both idea and actually. I will currently proceed onward to offering a basic appraisal of Anselms ontological contention. To achieve this errand, I will look at both the legitimacy, and the adequacy, of Anselms premises. So as to do as such, a consolidated type of Anselms contention is required. Basically, Anselms premises can be interpreted thusly: God is that than which nothing more prominent can be imagined We can think about a being than which none more prominent can be considered God exists in the comprehension, To exist in all actuality and in the comprehension is more noteworthy than to exist in the seeing alone. Consequently, God essentially exists as a general rule. As indicated by part two of Writing Philosophy, a substantial contention is â€Å"an contention that has a structure with the end goal that if its premises were valid, its decision would be too.† There is nothing to propose that Anselms contention is invalid. Given that the premises are sound, the end does in reality follow. In any case, while the ontological contention might be substantial, it stays to be demonstrated that it is sound. A sound contention is one which is both legitimate and contains genuine premises (Chapter 2, Writing Philosophy). So as to show this, the individual premises of the ontological contention must be assessed. Initially, reality of reason B] relies upon the acknowledgment of Anselms meaning of God (premise A] ) as that than which none more noteworthy can be imagined. On the off chance that we are to acknowledge Anselms meaning of God to be conceivable, at that point premise B] is sound since we have acknowledged the idea and have the thought in our comprehension. On the off chance that we don't acknowledge the definition, at that point we can't continue to assess the remainder of the contention. It is not necessarily the case that Anselms meaning of God is a disputable one, for sure it is a regularly acknowledged monotheistic understanding of the idea of God (Mark C. Smith, January eighteenth Lecture). Furthermore, premise B] is sound since presence of such a being is coherently conceivable. No flaw can be found with proposing the presence of such a being as characterized by premise A]. At long last, Anselms attestation that â€Å"to exist in actuality and in the comprehension is more prominent than to exist in the comprehension alone† is fundamentally solid by our acknowledgment of his meaning of God. By tolerating premise A], as we should so as to assess the contention, we should yield this it is essentially more noteworthy for God to exist actually. Therefore, we can see that Anselms ontological contention is both substantial, and sound, from an assessment of its premises. Anselms end that God exists in actuality legitimately follows the premises, given their sufficiency and legitimacy. So as to show that Anselms contention is surely sufficient for setting up the important presence of the Greatest Conceivable Being, issues with the contention should initially be analyzed and afterward disproved. One of the more intense issues with Anselms ontological contention is that of the priest Gaunilo. The protest raised by Gaunilo is that the equivalent coherent thinking utilized by Anselm to demonstrate Gods presence can be utilized to demonstrate things certain don't exist. Gaunilo advances this complaint when he contends about the presence of the â€Å"Lost Island†, a possible flawless island. Gaunilos evidence of the ideal island follows a similar sensible thinking as Anselms. He begins with the reason that the possibility of an ideal island can be thought about by the brain. The ideal island is by definition an island than which no more prominent island can be imagined, and that if an ideal island exists in as a thought in the brain yet not in actuality, a more noteworthy island than the ideal island can be considered (Gaunilo 17). Utilizing a comparative contention as Anselm, Gaunilo has demonstrated that the ideal island must exist in both the brain and in actuality for similar reasons that God must exist in the psyche and reality. As per Gaunilo, on the off chance that one acknowledges Anselms contention as being legitimate, one must acknowledge the comparative flawless island contention as being substantial too. The two contentions would appear to legitimate since on the off chance that the premises are valid, at that point the two ends must be valid. The main basic distinction between Anselms contention and Gaunilos contention is the utilization of the ideal island instead of God. Subsequently, in the event that Anselms technique for thinking is considered proper, at that point Gaunilos must be suitable also. Gaunilo anyway expresses that this â€Å"proof of the presence of an ideal island is improbable, or â€Å"doubtfully real† (Guanilo 17). Gaunilo battles that it is just the meaning of â€Å"a-idea than-which-nothing-more prominent can-be-conceived† that permits Anselm and himself to demonstrate the presence of God and the ideal island separately. By demonstrating one of the ideas, the ideal island, to be unlikely, Gaunilo feels that the other idea must take action accordingly (Gaunilo 17). I will presently move onto an invalidation of Gaunilos issue with Anselms ontological contention. The significant shortcoming with Gaunilos protest is that that by demonstrating the presence of an ideal island, utilizing a contention of a similar structure as Anselms, he has messed with the meaning of an island. This mistake becomes evident while thinking about what the idea of an ideal island would be. All together for the island to be flawless its attributes must be impeccable also. Any variety from this â€Å"conceivable† flawlessness would make the presence of a more prominent possible island conceivable. Moreover, the ideal island could be made more noteworthy in a quantifiable design if it somehow managed to have a marginally expanded landmass this thinking would persevere until the ideal island turns out to be limitlessly huge. A limitlessly huge island, be that as it may, is outlandish. An island, by its very definition, must be encircled by water, and something that is unbounded in size can't be encircled. Also, an ideal island probably has a wealth of rich trees and perfect sea shores. The a greater amount of these that an island has, the better the island would possibly be. In any case, there is no characterized most extreme number of trees or sea shores that an island might have; for any one possible island, there is another, much more - impeccable island with one progressively outlandish natural product tree and one more

Child Poverty in Canada Essays - Economy, Distribution Of Wealth

Youngster Poverty in Canada Essays - Economy, Distribution Of Wealth Youngster Poverty in Canada Neediness and Health in Canada: Current Evidence and Policy Responses (HLST 3510) Educator Dennis Raphael The crusade 2000 2016 Report Card on Child and Family Poverty in Canada measures destitution through even more a concentrated technique. The estimation incorporates: The Low-Income Measure After or Before Tax Calculated from charge filer information (LIM), The Market Basket Measure (MBM) and Low Income Cut Offs (LICO). Alongside the OECD Report on Child Poverty the estimation incorporates the Child Income Poverty Rate and the Poverty Rates in Households with Children and a Working Age Head by Type of Household and Employment Status. As far as the advantages of utilizing these measures, as per the Campaign 2000 Report the most exact is the Low-Income Measure After Tax (Campaign 2000 Report Card on Child Family Poverty in Canada, 2016). Reason being, there is a fixed %50 of the middle family pay and can be balanced with the quantity of family unit individuals expanding alongside family needs request expanding. LIM is most profited in worldwide examinations for neediness. Contrasted wit h different estimations, for example, the Low-Income Cut Off which is an obsolete variant of estimating as it needs numerous significant elements that a normal present day Canadian family requires for, for example, current innovation and expanded degrees of consumptions on food. The Market Basket Measure is the proportion of outright destitution by means of information discharged by Statistics Canada. It incorporates fundamental thing, for example, safe house, food and transportation of a group of four people including two youngsters. Concurring OECD Report Canada among different nations Canada is at 13% for kids pay in neediness. It is the top tenth most elevated nation of youngsters living destitution likewise the 28th nation in line for kids living in neediness. After the OECD normal Poland is driving alongside Slovak Republic, Lithuania, Estonia, Latvia, Japan following Canada. Canada is in seventh spot for kid destitution after the OECD normal rate. For a created Nations, Canada ought to be among the eleven countries underneath the 10% imprint Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Korea, Switzerland, Sweden, Ireland, Germany, Slovenia, and United Kingdom. In a nation like Canada youngster neediness isn't estimated by extreme starvations and wearing battered garments fairly experiencing food uncertainty, putting food on the table utilizing food banks and having long sitting tight records for sponsoring lodging and having the option to battle for a spot with the expectation of complimentary kids' instructive/recre ational projects. As a country, we have quite a few assets accessible to diminish our kid neediness rate, it is nonsensical we rank in 28th spot when the nations beneath the OECD normal are not as rich as Canada may be. If Canadians somehow managed to discover our place among different countries, they would be befuddled with regards to how that could even happen to our nation. Some particular worries for various destitution rates among gatherings of people, for example, individuals with incapacities working inside specific cutoff points, late outsiders, native individuals, ethnic minorities. Family solitary guardians endure multiple times in destitution in excess of a group of two guardians. Individuals with inabilities get by progressively off their advantages and because of the low advantages, they result to be living close or on marginal neediness. As per an article discharged by CBC, generally 13.7% of Canadians from ages 15-64 are living with inabilities ( 12 Facts a nd Figures About Having A Disability In Canada 2013 ). Out of those person as indicated by a Canadian Human Rights Commission Report discharged in 2009 , men with handicaps that hold a changeless work position from ages 25 to 54 are 622,175 people anyway men without inabilities that hold lasting business were 3,166,836 people. The numbers are comparative with ladies from ages 25 to 54 wit h 639.622 (with inabilities) and 3,044,787 (without incapacities) ( Canadian Human Rights Commission, pg. 41, 2010 ) . The reports show that individuals with handicaps are frequently not utilized and on the off chance that they do get utilized they are paid less contrasted people and no incapacities. Individuals with inabilities think that its difficult to climb the social determinant stepping stool since they are less skilled to do so monetarily. Numerous Canadians that have handicaps are not in the work power coming about them to lead

Illinois Residents Submit Your FAFSA by April 28

Illinois Residents Submit Your FAFSA by April 28 Are you an Illinois resident? If so, make sure to submit your 2019-2020 Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) bySunday, April 28! Our school code is 001775. The FAFSA allows you to receive various forms of need-based financial aid, including loans, work-study, and grants. Grants do not have to be paid back, making them extremely helpful for anyone who receives them. The State of Illinois Monetary Award Program (MAP) is one such grant. The MAP grant is for Illinois residents only and can provide up to almost $5,000 per year. Because these grants are made on a first-come, first-served basis, though, funding quickly runs outâ€"and the Illinois Student Assistance Commission (ISAC) has just announced that if students dont submit their FAFSA by April 28, they may not be considered for the MAP grant. So again, if you’re an Illinois resident, I strongly encourage you to complete and submit your FAFSA application ASAP (and no later than this Sunday)so you will be considered for as many financial awards as possible! If you have questions regarding the MAP grant or your FAFSA, you can contact theOffice of Student Financial Aidat 217-333-0100. cost Brian Assistant Director, Undergraduate Admissions I'm here to help high school students and their families navigate the college search process. An Illinois alumnus (LAS ’02), I had the honor to play football for the Orange and Blue.

What is the Integral of f(x)

Integration, along with differentiation, is one of the two main operations in calculus.   Where differentiation is a tool that allows us to examine rates of change, the integral  is a tool that allows us to add up infinitesimal pieces of a whole. More on integration It is best to explore integration with an example.   Imagine we had an irregular shape that we wanted to find the area of.   If we divided the shape into regular rectangles, we could add up the area of all the rectangles and find the approximate area of the entire shape. If we now took those rectangles and made them thinner and thinner, our approximation of the area of the whole would become more and more accurate.   Eventually, as the rectangles became infinitely small (and with that, an infinite number of them), we would perfectly be able to find the area of the original shape.   This is what the tool of integration allows us to do.   It is therefore used to find concepts such as displacement, area, and volume. Integration is very closely related to differentiation through The Fundamental Theorem of Calculus. (This will be discussed in its own article soon).   In its simplest form, the operation of integration is the opposite of differentiation.   It is therefore first introduced in calculus classes in the form of an antiderivative. What is an antiderivative? The antiderivative of a function is a new function whose derivative brings us back to the original function.   For example, if we have a function f(x) = 3x2, the antiderivative would be F(x) = x3 + c (where c is a constant), because the derivative of F(x) brings up back to our original function.   This is also known as an indefinite integral. The notation for indefinite integrals is the following: For example: We should notice that there is a little dx at the end of our integration.   This means that we are taking our integral ‘with respect to x’.   This is the same dx that we see at the top of our differentiation notation.   When we study multi-variable calculus, this will become very important. We should also notice a c at the end of F(x).   This represents a constant.   We have to put this here because we do not, without outside information, know what this constant could be.   When we take the derivative of F(x), no matter what c is, it will go away. Along with the indefinite integral, there is also the definite integral. What is a definite integral? A definite integral, in two dimensions, gives the area that exists under a curve between two endpoints. For example, let us take the function f(x) = -x2+10 and the end points [-2, 2].   We could find the area under this curve using an indefinite integral. Integration is a very powerful tool that allows us to solve a wide range of problems.   Check back soon to see our blog posts on how to determine various integrals, how to use our calculator to solve integration problems, and for practice AP integral problems.

Chronic Disease Diabetes Mellitus - 5359 Words

As people get older and their chronic diseases start showing up or progress, they will need to be taken care of by not one doctor or specialist but by many health care providers.1 There are many chronic diseases that affect older people. One of the most common chronic diseases is diabetes mellitus, especially type 2 diabetes mellitus. With an increase of people with diabetes mellitus, there is also an increase need for health care professionals that will effectively take care of them. Even though diabetes mellitus is a disease where the patient is usually the one in control of taking care of him or herself, professionals are essential to their understanding of how to not have their blood glucose so high and live a healthier life without problems because of the diabetes.2 Just like physicians, nurses, dieticians, and many other health care providers, pharmacists play a big role in helping individuals with diabetes control it and live a healthy life.2 According to the 2014 National Diabetes Statistics Report, â€Å"29.1 people have diabetes.†3 Almost three times more than that number, about 86 million individuals have prediabetes. Perhaps even more alarming, â€Å"9 out of 10 people with prediabetes†3 don’t even know they are in that condition. This makes it even worse because without knowing th ey are at risk of having diabetes, they will never take the necessary measures of taking care of themselves to prevent developing their prediabetes to diabetes. With so many people at risk andShow MoreRelatedDiabetes Mellitus : A Chronic Disease1334 Words   |  6 PagesDiabetes Mellitus Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic disease meaning it persists for a long time and generally can t be prevented by vaccines or cured by medicines. Diabetes occurs when the body doesn t produce enough insulin or when the insulin doesn t work properly. Type 2 Diabetes allows insulin to be released into the blood but it is unable to work properly and makes the body unable to maintain healthy glucose levels in the blood. It can affect the entire body and anyone can develop the diseaseRead MoreDiabetes Mellitus : The Leading Chronic Disease1102 Words   |  5 PagesDiabetes Mellitus Diabetes mellitus is one of the leading chronic diseases that can cause high rates of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Diabetes mellitus is characterized by hyperglycemia due to a lack of insulin, insulin resistance, or both. The four main types of diabetes mellitus include type 1 diabetes mellitus, type 2 diabetes mellitus, gestational diabetes mellitus, and other specific types (Darby, 2015, 824). A high rate of periodontal disease has been reported with type 1 and 2 diabetesRead MoreDiabetes Mellitus : A Debilitating And Chronic Disease2358 Words   |  10 Pages Diabetes Mellitus is a debilitating and chronic disease in which life long care and rehabilitation is required. According to the World Health Organization, diabetes affects over 300 million people worldwide, and continues to rise each year. There are three main categories of diabetes; type 1, type 2 and gestational diabetes. The pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus is related to insulin, which is a hormone secreted by the cells of the pancreas. 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Camera Techniques Used in Hitchcock’s Thriller Movie,...

Camera Techniques Used in Hitchcock’s Thriller Movie, Vertigo A thriller is a type of film that usually instills excitement and suspense into the audience. A thriller is commonly described as a tense edge of the seat environment. The movie, Vertigo, is one of the most famous thrillers ever made. However, Vertigo does not fit into the stereotypical genre of thriller. Vertigo, often viewed as an experimental film because it was one of the first major thrillers of that time that used many different and innovative camera techniques. These techniques used in this film are different types of lighting, montage, intense music, etc. Vertigo is known to be one of Hitchcock’s best movies because of his unique sense of style and his famous†¦show more content†¦When Scottie falls into his state of Vertigo, the camera seems to go berserk with different angles and colors. Specifically near the end of the movie when Scottie falls in his dream, his Vertigo seems to kick in on overdrive. The implementation of the creeping music, the flashes of co lors, the scared look, and the montage of expressions proves that Vertigo was a form of a thriller movie. Does Vertigo fit into the genre of thriller? Yes. But does Vertigo fit the thriller genre before, now, and in the future? That is the question that is going to be answered. In the beginning of the movie, the audience is thrown into immediate action. At first you see a cop chase a man and Scottie, the detective, following. The music increases the suspense as the audiences waits anxiously to see what is going on. Scottie all of a sudden falls and is holding on to dear life at the end of the roof. This is when the audience first learns about Scottie’s Vertigo. The audience can feel his fear of heights. The feel of a thriller movie incapacitates that audience at this point because they are wondering at the edge of their seats what is going to happen. As the audience sees the point of view of Scottie looking down onto the ground, they can feel Scottie’s Vertigo. The camera work on that shot was revolutionary in that film period. The camera seems to blur and zoom in and out to portray how scared Scottie is. The lighting in this shot andShow MoreRelatedVertigo - Hitchcock Defying Genres1337 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Vertigo – Hitchcock D efying Genre â€Å"†¦alternatively, a film can revise or reject the conventions associated with its genre† - Bordwell Based on the French novel D’Entre les Morts by Pierre Boileau and Thomas Narcejac, Vertigo is arguably one of Alfred Hitchcock’s masterpieces and the â€Å"strangest, yet most hauntingly beautiful film he had ever made† (Adair, 2002). 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Sql Database Language - 1088 Words

MIS 6326 (Database Management) ( AIM 6337 (Data Strategy Management) Assignment 2: Chapters 4 9 Due date: August 2, 2012 Using the Chapters 4 9 University Database create one â€Å"SELECT† SQL statement for each of the following question.[1] [Note, the SQL statement may include nested queries.] Turn in SQL statements only. (You do not have to turn in the results of SQL statements.) 1. Get the faculty numbers and names of MS department professors whose salary is greater than 68000. SELECT FacFirstName, FacLastName, FacSalary FROM Faculty WHERE FacName = *MS* AND FacSalary 68000 2. Get the offering, the course number, and the course description of SUMMER 2010 offerings without an assigned†¦show more content†¦FacNo AND 01.CourseNo = 02.FacNo AND 01.OffYear = 2008 AND 02.OffYear = 2008 12. Same as Question 11; but list not only the faculty names and the course numbers but also supervisors’ names. 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The Political Philosophy of Karl Raimund Popper - 1139 Words

Karl Raimund popper (1902 to 1994) was an influential philosopher of science, who philosophized about society, in much the same way he philosophized about science-in a critical spirit. His personal experience, as an Austrian Jew in the days of the Nazi Anschluss (meaning link up or annexation in the German language), provided him a wealth of firsthand experience and insights into the nature of totalitarian governments. At a point in poppers life he was an enthusiast of Marxist socialism, but that enthusiasm was short lived as he soon began to develop a skeptical turn of mind towards Marxist socialism. He questioned the rationale in the sacrifice of human life which communism found necessary to its cause, after the leaders of the†¦show more content†¦They also postulated a broad range of social teleological theories generally called historic-ism in which society was forced into accepting a unilateral version of reality which was wholly certain as to it present state and future outcomes. In the defense of the liberal tradition in politics Popper developed certain philosophical positions, to counter the notions by those philosophers who advocated such illiberal philosophical ideas that could only lead to the creation of closed societies for the world. The philosophical positions which popper advanced included a twin-edged liberalism†, in the sense of peacefully tolerating the proponents of closed societies in free societies, as long as they stuck to verbal arguments only, and social engineering by a piecemeal† or (gradual) approach to social reforms. Popper considered the west and the rest of the world endangered by the influence of such thought that promoted a historicist or collectivist frame of social thought. This sort of frame for social thought he argued could only lead to the establishment of authoritarian and totalitarian forms of government, which would in turn suppress and constrain the liberties and lives of people in the long run. The defense of the liberal tradition in

FFA Pro Golf Case study Free Essays

They came from no official agency agreement – legally, an agent is someone who has authority to create legal relations between a person known as a ‘principal’ (In this case Pro Golf) and others – o an official trademark agreement – which Is a contract under which the owner of a copyright (in this case Pro Golf), allows a licensee (here FAA) to use, make, or sell copies of the original brand. This changes make us understand the strong link between the companies and their willing to increase their cooperation. However, FAA decided to sub-license the trademark to another Japanese company for the aim to making more money. We will write a custom essay sample on FFA Pro Golf Case study or any similar topic only for you Order Now Issues The fact that FAA decided to sub-license the trademark in order to make margin on loyalties incited Pro Golf to end the contract. The termination of the contract by Pro Golf incited FAA to sew them for breaching of contract. Was Pro Golf entitled to terminate the contract with FAA? Rules â€Å"Contracts that do not state a set length of time for termination are presumptively â€Å"at will† and may be terminated by either party at any time. † Court’s decision Considering that the contract between Pro Golf and FAA does not mention any set length, they should be entitled to end the contract whenever they want to. Pro Golf re entitled to terminate the contract with FAA. Was Pro Golf entitled to royalties received for Teeth sales? During those 6 years , Pro Golf and Facilitation evolved. They came from no official relations between a person known as a ‘principal’ (in this case Pro Golf) and others – to an official trademark agreement – which is a contract under which the owner of a FAA got a new opportunity to increase its benefit through getting higher royalties by Sub-licensing the trademark to Teeth Was Pro Golf entitled to royalties received for Teeth sales? This is Just a trademark agreement, they are no agency relationship between companies. The company can use the trademark on golf soft goods in Japan freely. Application of Rules Because the two companies made a trademark agreement, FAA can use the trademark on golf soft goods in Japan freely and sub-license the contractual rights. No Agency relationship between Pro Golf and FAA was engaged but rather a written trademark agreement for FAA to use the First Flight trademark on golf soft goods. Courts in the U. S. E reluctant to impose restrictions on assigning of rights in real or personal property; FAA here has a contractual right to use the trademark on golf soft goods in Japan and can freely transfer, assign, or sub-license all or part of those contractual rights. Nothing in Fast trademark license contract with Pro Golf prohibited FAA from granting sub-licenses to others or required FAA to pass along to Pro Golf any royalties FAA might receive from such subsequences. Was Pro Golf entitled to reimbursement for its attempts to perfect trademark rights in Japan? When Pro Golf heard its attempt to register the trademark in Japan had not been completely successful and that third parties had obtained the right to use the trademark in Japan, they terminated the contract. The termination of the contract by Pro Golf incited FAA to sew them for breaching of contract. Pro Golf counterclaims and ask for reimbursement for damages equals to its expenditure. Was Pro Golf entitled to reimbursement for its attempts to perfect trademark rights in Japan? In Japan, the rules are different than in the United States. Third parties are able to et registration without use, in the contrary than in the USA where registration is basically synonym for legal protection of a trademark. As FAA is operating under Japanese rule, it should not be responsible to payback Pro Golf for its own failure. In Japan, unlike the U. S. , registration is the critical factor for legal protection of a trademark. Third parties were able to get registration without use, and Pro Golf apparently had to buy them off. Its failure to do so is not the fault of FAA, nor should FAA be responsible to reimburse Pro Golf for its own failure. How to cite FFA Pro Golf Case study, Free Case study samples

Exchange of Money Perception in Consumer Behavior

Question: Discuss about the Exchange of Money for Perception in Consumer Behavior. Answer: Perceived Value Perceived value is the perception of the consumer based on the utility of a product. It can be based on four aspects: 1) value of the product what the consumer really wants, 2) value as to low price, 3) value as per the quality what the consumer get in exchange of money, 4) value as per what is acquired as what is sacrificed. Zeithaml (1988) Perceived value is a value that a consumer has in their mind about any particular brand or product. In such cases, most of the times consumers are not aware of the actual cost of the product they are indulge to buy instead they only have a perception about that product that it is of high quality or the best of the market. As in order to create higher perceived value producers uses marketing strategies which may pursue a good brand image in customers mind (Investopedia, 2010). "Seen esteem" gets to be noteworthy when the items are fundamentally the same as each other. Frosty and hack solutions are great case of saw quality in an aggressive domain. Since huge numbers of the fixings among contending brands are indistinguishable, the firm offering the item should construct a subjective impression of their item that makes its item appear to be exceptional. "Seem" is the watchword. They are not by any stretch of the imagination diverse (Smallbusiness.chron.com, 2016). Regardless of the type of the business the producer have, consumers always make purchases on the basis of their perceived value (Miciak Shanklin, 1994).. That is why the producer must be aware of how to create a high perceived value. Perceived value is greater than the price tag which leads the consumer to buy products. If it is the fact, then the producers have two options. We can bring down the cost, such that it will fall underneath their apparent worth, or, we can build their apparent estimation of the item, such that it crosses the value edge. Of the two techniques above, which is ideal? Sensibly, we would reason that raising the apparent worth is superior to anything bringing down the cost and settling for smaller net revenues. This is basically, the essentials of showcasing and publicizing, and it is the reason organizations burn through billions of dollars a year to persuade buyers why their item is "justified, despite all the trouble". Be that as it may, one moment. As a rule raising the apparent estimation of an item includes some significant pitfalls, so it is not all that simple. In any case, on the off chance that we advise our choices through examination, we will see that there are many approaches to increment saw esteem without strenuously burdening our wallets (Schneider, 2014). We should investigate. Expand the Price The majority of us have a tendency to trust that individuals need to purchase less expensive products to spare cash. While there is some truth to that, the inverse can be generally as genuine; now and then individuals need to purchase the more costly thing. For them the apparent estimation of the costly thing some of the time surpass than the first esteem (Lin, 2003. p. 27).. Robert Cialdini, creator of top of the line novel Influence, put it best: "In business sectors in which individuals are not totally beyond any doubt of how to evaluate quality, they utilize cost as a stand-in for quality." To put it plainly, individuals expect that higher estimated merchandise are better (in light of the fact that, frequently, they are). This is especially detectable with extravagance products. In a study by Stanford and Caltech specialists selected 11 male Caltech graduate understudies who said they loved red wine. The subjects were informed that they would attempt five distinctive Cabernet Sauvignons. Be that as it may, just three wines were utilizedtwo were given twice. The principal wine, which regularly costs $5, was appeared in two containers, one costing $5 (genuine cost) and one as far as anyone knows costing $45 (fake cost). The second wine was done backward, typically costing $90 and appeared in a $90 and $10 bottle. They found that expanding the apparent cost of a container of wine expanded the genuine AND saw delight that testers got from drinking the wine. The members said they could taste five unique wines, despite the fact that there were just three, and included that the wines recognized as more costly tasted better. In this case, unmistakably only putting a high sticker price on a container of wine was sufficient to build the apparent quality (which then really interpreted into real esteem through their delight in it). Furthermore, we can infer that with regards to wine - nobody truly recognizes what they are discussing. Importance Of Perceived Value To Consumer Behaviour And Marketing It is the perceived value of a product because of which a consumer buys products and services. Before planning a vacation, or booking a dine table people do a lot of research on the internet instead of directly going at that place. Research as reviewing sites, people reviews and ratings. The person gathers an idea what exactly the place is and they will get in return of their time and money spent (Monroe's,1979). This is what a perceived value of a business. Every time a customer goes for shopping or buying a product the first question they always ask from themselves Is this product worth my hard-earned money? Is this service worth my time? Obviously it is the job of the producer to give answer to these questions. As in order to make customers loyal the ne has to answer such questions. Once a producer fails to answers these types of questions, then he cannot expect the customer loyalty in future and their support. Perceived Value In Consumer Behaviour Influencing Perception Perceived value of a product influences the decision of the consumer. As on continuous basis consumers collects information about the product and the company of which they are going to buy the product in order to get the information if the company is offering value. Consumer perception is the reality for a business. Sometimes by making manipulations and tricky techniques the producer influence the decision of the consumer just for the purpose to present themselves in best possible light, as high perceived value helps in increasing sales as well as with high priced (Mack, 2016). Reaching Consumers Main factor to influence customer perception is exposure, he more you expose your qualities More will be customers get aware. So businesses do all the things to publicize their product and offerings. But in a huge market when every company is exposing their products and adopting marketing strategies, it is to responsibility of the company to adopt strategies which can help in making the product stand out from the crowd. Risk Perception Risk perception is another factor which must be taken into account when the producer is trying to influence consumer behaviour. If the consume is not familiar with the product they are not able to assess the risk involved in purchasing the product which makes the poor product image (Mwencha , 2014. p. 143).. In order to overcome this hesitancy business must provide the product information as much as possible with encouraging product reviews (Agarwal, S., Teas, R. ,2001). Here is an option too, providing a test of the product in stores can minimize the risk perception of the consumer. Customer Retention Customer retention means making a consumer loyal with the product and their purchases. Successful businesses need to foster their clients time to time in order to make them retained with the product. As after using a product it is a need of the producer t make the consumer retained with that product only by maintaining a good reputation and establishing brand loyalty (Parasurman, Grewal, 2000). Offering after sales services, taking feedbacks as it helps in taking perceptions about the consumer and helps the business to improve them in future. As loyal consumers generates more revenue rather than the new customers. We can take some examples of perceived value of companies. Apple: Perceived value is obtained through external sources rather than from internal sources. As critiques and supporter provide their feedback and experience with the brand and service. Let us take an example of Apple. It is greatest example of perceived value. iPhone is not a big step technologically-as all other companies competing in the market are also providing the same qualities as well as technology. But in the way, Steve jobs presented his products and packaged, make it a big brand and a mad desire in customers mind. Apple is still able to gain a high perceived value as the consumers are loyal (Marketing Zeus, 2016). Starbucks Satrbucks is a famous coffee brand. Do we have any idea why we pays $2-3 for the same cup of coffee which we can get in 70-80 cents only (Yeh, 2013).. The answer comes in comprehension client saw esteem. Starbucks has changed our apparent estimation of espresso. We are not just purchasing espresso at Starbucks- - we are purchasing an "affair." This experience offers an extended arrangement of worth drivers, for example, an assortment of flavours and tastes, store feeling, client administration, and physical association in an undeniably unoriginal, innovation commanded world. We pay more since we see a more prominent worth (Pirson, n.d.). References Agarwal, S., Teas, R. (2001). Perceived Value: Mediating Role of Perceived Risk.Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice,9(4), 1-14. Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/40470071 com (2010) Perceived value, in Available at: https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/perceived-value.asp (Accessed: 21 August 2016). Lin, C. (2003), The role of customer perceived value in generating customer satisfaction: An e-business perspective. Journal of Research in Marketing Entrepreneurship, 5(1), 25-39. Marketing Zeus. (2016). Increase Your Perceived Value; Increase Your Sales. [online] Available at: https://marketingzeus.com/article/increase-your-perceived-value-increase-your-sales [Accessed 21 Aug. 2016]. Mack, S. (2016) Role of perception in consumer behavior,Small Business Chron, Miciak, A. R. Shanklin, W. L. (1994). Choosing celebrity endorsers. Marketing Management, 3(3), 51-59 Monroe, Kent B. 1979.Pricing: Making Profitable Decisions. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company. Mwencha, P.M., Muathe, S.M., Thuo, J.K. (2014), Effects of perceived attributes, perceived risk and perceived value on usage of online retailing services. Journal of Management Research, 6(2), 140-161. Parasuraman, A., Grewal, D. (2000): The impact of technology on the quality-value-loyalty chain: a research agenda. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 28(1), 168174. Pirson, M. (n.d.). Shareholder Value, Shared Value, or Social Value Creation - The Troubles of Managing for More than One Bottom Line. SSRN Electronic Journal. Schneider, D. (2014)10 ways to increase perceived value (without breaking the bank). Available at: https://ninjaoutreach.com/ways-to-increase-perceived-value/ (Accessed: 22 August 2016). chron.com. (2016). [online] Available at: https://smallbusiness.chron.com/definition-perceived-value-23017.html [Accessed 22 Aug. 2016]. Yeh, Y. (2013), The impact of customer advocacy on customer perceived value. Journal of Business and Retail Management Research, 8(1), 91-102. Zeithaml, V.A., 1988. Consumer perceptions of price, quality, and value: A means-end model and synthesis of evidence. Journal of Marketing, 52(3): 2-22.

Modern vs. Classical Music free essay sample

During the late 17th century to early 1 9th century, the phenomenon that is the evolution of tragically Music had hit the Classical era; extremely skilled artists such as Mozart, Beethoven, Haydn and Schubert were producing masterpieces for the courts of the upper class. Because the culture that surrounds these classic artists and the modern artists has changed greatly over hundreds of years, the skill involved in becoming a master of the art has not.Though taken very early in life from ongoing battles with illness mixed with over exhaustion from tirelessly producing piece after piece and a final, fatal bout with typhoid fever, Vienna based Franz Schubert work is often described as being the last great representation of Classical era music, as well as being a transitional composer between classical and romantic era. Throughout his life while he composed, he worked mostly in schools after his own schooling applying for various positions but seeming to end up falling short of his goal. We will write a custom essay sample on Modern vs. Classical Music or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In 1818 he was even jobless and considered himself a failure, especially during the spring, when he produced only one work considered noteworthy, so he left the city for the mummer months and was revived showing exuberant aspirations fresh creative outbursts, in creating three dynamic pieces. But at this time, his music was starting to be used in performances around Vienna. His only public performance, which was ironically the same year he died, generated much profit in terms of money and success in terms of his lifelong accomplishments as an artist ending on a strong foot.Like Haydn and Beethoven, Mozart studied at the prestigious Viennese Classical School, but unlike those composers, or any other artist in history for that matter, he irked with all genres of music available to him at the time, and remarkably had success in all of them. This, along with the fact he was composing by age five and performing for royalty and nobility by age of six, point out his true musical genius.Alth ough his musical talent was strong in composition as well as performance and he had toured through Italy, Anaheim, Paris, Syllabus, Munich and of course Vienna through early years of his life, he had serious financial worries, and they worsened as the famously fickle Viennese found other idols. His income during his last five years, 1786091, was far larger than that of most musicians, though much below that of the class he wanted to be associated Beethoven, whose father saw promise with him musically at a young age, did not develop the talent or partial recognition that Mozart had until his teens. In the late sasss, it is said he went to Vienna from his hometown of Bonn to study with Mozart, who was impressed with Beethovens abilities and thought this young man will make a great name for himself. At the turn of the century, it became apparent to Beethoven that is continuing lose of hearing will only get worse, but that he will seize fate by the throat. Though stricken with bad luck in health and lesser musical genius than Mozart, he was able to support himself without the financial woes that Mozart and Schubert had, and was also the first musician in history to receive a salary for nothing more than compose under his own restrictions. With the evolution of music and technology from the classical era to what the industry has today, the composition, production and presentation of music as expanded the capabilities of the artist and the audience.In addition, the financial worries that the forefathers of this art had to endure have not impacted the upper echelon of musicians toda y by any means, and we saw a transition to this starting with Beethovens salary, which showed a rise in appreciation of musicians by all society, rather than church and wealthy commissioners. The music medium has exploded into a worldwide cultural phenomenon, where ideas and thoughts of composition and sound can be exchanged with ease through radios, computers, concerts and Vinyl/CD/Tape/AMP, which leads to constantly evolving music, rather than the antiquated notion of music being a regional cultural experience. In terms of the artist in the modern music scene, the skill and dedication required is equally demanding if not more so to rise to the top in this competitive industry, though the reward is far greater in terms of fame, wealth and social status; all of which Mozart striver for but never was able to attain despite being perhaps one of the greatest musical talents the world has seen yet. Also with he expansion of audiences, infusions of genres and capabilities with technology, modern society has seen a trend in corporations fabricating bands, composing music for artists that fit with the cultural fads and electronically perfecting acoustics, all of which are ways for these companies to make quick profit. The downfall in this is the loss of appreciation of music by these corporations and eventually listeners, in terms of the emotion, talent and sacrifice that it takes away from the real musicians trying to make a name for themselves and their careers, such as Schubert and Mozart.

Gun Manufacturers free essay sample

Manufacturers and Responsibility Velasquez, 6th edn, 2006, p. 49 During 2002, John Allen Muhammad and John Lee Malvo shot and killed up to 13 people in Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Maryland, Virginia and Washington, D. C. They used a semiautomatic assault rifle manufactured by Bushmaster Firearms, Inc. The two killers bought the rifle from Bulls Eye Shooter Supply, a gunshop in Tacoma, Washington, although federal law prohibited the shop from selling the gun to either Muhammad, who had a record of domestic battery, or Malvo, who was a minor. Survivors of the victims have claimed that although Muhammad and Malvo were directly responsible for the deaths of the victims, both Bushmaster Firearms, Inc. , and Bulls Eye Shooter Supply (and their owners) also â€Å"should be held responsible. â€Å" Audits by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms showed that Bulls Eye had â€Å"lostâ€Å" guns (238 in a 3-year period) or â€Å"lostâ€Å" documentation – including its records of the Muhammad-Malvo sale – yet Bushmaster Firearms continued to sell its guns to the shop. We will write a custom essay sample on Gun Manufacturers or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Survivors of the victims claimed that Bushmaster Firearms had an obligation not to create an unreasonable risk of foreseeable harm from the distribution of its guns. The company, they claimed, failed to adequately investigate or screen this dealers record of weapons handling, failed to adequately monitor and supervise how its dealer was selling its guns, and failed to provide training or incentives for its dealer to comply with gun laws. If Bulls Eye and Bushmaster had acted as they had an obligation to act, Muhammad and Malvo would have been prevented from obtaining the assault rifle they needed to kill their victims since federal laws prohibited both from buying guns. Bulls Eye and Bushmaster helped cause the deaths, the wife of a victim claimed, and so â€Å"they share the responsibility for my husbands death and many others. â€Å"

Tremont, Ohio Essays - Free Essays, Term Papers, Research Papers

Tremont, Ohio Essays - Free Essays, Term Papers, Research Papers Tremont, Ohio A history of Tremont symbolizes the typical urban American neighborhood with its mish-mash of cultures. It offers eclectic sites and adaptive locations for filmmaking. I will look at the history of Tremont as a cultural center of the Midwest before the filming of The Deer Hunter (Figure 3). In addition, I will examine the history of Saint Theodosius Russian Orthodox Cathedral and the history of Lemko Hall to illustrate the eclecticism and adaptability that director, Michael Cimino, tapped in his film. Director Michael Cimino's most powerful, and controversial film work The Deer Hunter examines the uniqueness of this area by focusing its setting on Saint Theodosius Russian Orthodox Church and Lemko Hall. The original developers of Tremont (Figure 4) were Mrs. Thirza Pelton and John Jennings. They planned to develop the Tremont area into the cultural center of the Midwest. Purchasing 275 acres for the development of Cleveland University, incorporated in 1851, was their start. The building on the corner of College and University Avenue would be the first and only building constructed for the University. Part of its campus would be Pelton Park, which was surrounded by streets named after the college like Professor, College, University, Literary, and so on. This conglomerate would make up "University Heights". This venture would end two years later, in 1852, when Mrs. Pelton died along with the loss of her financial support. Tremont still remained and continued to develop into an exclusive area as Pelton and Jennings had intended. "University Heights" continued to progress as an eclectic residential area of Cleveland up until the time of the Civil War. Jennings Avenue, currently ! West Fourteenth Street, was called the Gold Coast of Cleveland. Around the time of this prosperity, the area had become a main stay for the Union Troops. This area became a major participant for the Union in the Civil War. This area was affected by the war, which changed its name "University Heights" into "Lincoln Heights" and Pelton Park to Lincoln Park. The Union Troops had set up the area for their northern operations. The current Ukrainian Labor Temple, which lies on Auborn Avenue and West Eleventh Street, was used as a hospital for the Union Soldiers that were sick or wounded. The troops did their recruiting from Auburn Avenue, and the troops camped at the foot of Professor Street, which overlooks the Cuyahoga River, and also in Lincoln Park. After the civil war, many developers were interested in creating an industry in Tremont. Its access to the Cuyahoga River and its flat surrounding region made it an ideal place for steelworking. This created a need for a work force. Eager Irish and Slavic immigrants came into the area in hopes to make a new home for themselves. Between the nineteen-thirties to the late sixties Tremont become home to a multitude of cultures. The Irish and the Slavic people were followed by Germans, Southern Europeans, Syrians, Greeks, Italians and a few Blacks. The largest group at that time was the Lemkos. Lemkos were originally from Lemkovina, which was situated in the slopes of the Carpathian Mountains. Lemkovina, controlled by Austria-Hungry, is still considered to this day the most neglected in cultural progress and the most oppressed of all the Russian peoples. With The Slavs that immigrated into the United States and Canada they not only brought their eastern orthodox religion, but also ! brought their styles of architecture. Before World War 1, 6,000 Slavic immigrants inhabited the Cleveland area. Their heritage and artistry is notable in Tremont's Architecture. The Eastern Orthodox belief of the Slavic people was and is still worshiped at Saint Theodosius Russian Orthodox Cathedral. Saint Theodosius is the oldest Russian Orthodox Church in Cleveland. In September 1974 for its seventy eighth anniversary the church was put on the National Registry of Historical Places. It was coined "one of the most outstanding examples of Russian church architecture in the United States". (Cleveland Press Collection 1974). The architect's, Fredrick C. Baird, design was based on the pastor's, Father Basil S. Lisenkovsky, photographs of the Church of Our Savior Jesus Christ in Moscow. Baird used certain features of the Muscovite Church resulting in Saint Theodosius having 13 distinguishing crosses and

Seven Years War and How it Affected the British Colonies in North Research Paper

Seven Years War and How it Affected the British Colonies in North America and What Were the Policy Changes After 1763 - Research Paper Example However, at the end of this war several challenges faced Britain (Rickard Web). This paper seeks to discuss Seven Years War and how it affected the British Colonies in North America and what were the policy changes after 1763. Influence to the Colonies Britain started to assess the relationship it had with the colonies. This did not take place before the war, but success of war prompted Britain to take this initiative. British authority thought of colonies as subject to authority of the king and parliament. Consequently, colonial assemblies were given authority to supervise the implementation of directives from royal governors in the colonies (Henretta and Burke Web). Additionally, Britain failed to put its laws in these colonies. For example, the molasses Act of 1733 was not implemented. This required the colonist to pay taxes on import from West Indies under French authority. This was because there was huge profit that Britain was generating from the colonies (O'Brien 125). Consequ ently, colonist gained both political and economic autonomy. However, the colonies were sometimes uncooperative to royal directives (Henretta and Burke Web). According to Knopf, â€Å"The success of Britain in the war increased its American control to a size that was challenging to any European metropolis to exercise control† (Knopf Web). ... Consequently, Britain was faced with huge debt. Compounding British financial woes was uprising calling for tax relief due to bulging taxes for those living in British Isles. There was also a negative response by Indians living in areas formerly under the French dominance. Actually, there was suspicious relation between Great Britain and tribes in Ohio and the great lakes region. They had established a cordial relationship with French settlers before. However, after French and its allies defeat, British settlers started to inhabit this region. This was rampant in the Appalachian mountain where there was rich agricultural land. As a result, the Indian viewed these settlers from another perspective that was not pleasing to them (O'Brien 125). In addition, Major General Jeffrey Amherst contributed to a tense relationship between the Indians and British in the culmination of the War. During the war, a considerable support was given to British by Indian tribes. As a result, British gave v arious gifts to their leaders. However, this was terminated after a successful termination of the war. General Amherst considered these tribes as inconsequential as he no longer needed their support. Trading links were also severed with Indians. Furthermore, the Indians felt that British were treating them as subjects rather than their allies. Digital History notes, â€Å"The colonist’s encroachment of Indian land was a source of frontier retaliation in the form of Pontiac’s uprising† (Digital History Web). The Pontiac revolution led various Indian tribes against British forces and settlers. This was a protracted war seeking to reduce British dominance. A number of British soldiers were killed, while settlers fled to safer locations in the eastern side. Challenges

Principles of Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Principles of Economics - Essay Example Q1. You own a local sub shop in a college town. You primarily serve two groups of people: local residents (both students and other local residents) and visitors to your town. Devise a price discrimination strategy that will increase your revenues compared to a single-pricing strategy. A1. Although, there may be a plethora of available price discrimination policies for a variety of different businesses, for a fast food eatery there are a number of simplistic strategies that could be employed to help increase revenues over a single price strategy. Firstly, the sub shop could advertise students to 'show their student card' for a predetermined discount. As for other residents fliers could be distributed to the houses in the community with a 'customer loyalty card attached'. These loyalty cards could also be presented for a predetermined discount. As visitors passing through the town would not have access to these types of identification they would be charged full price. According to Tutor2u (2011) this strategy would accomplish charging a higher price for an identical good (In this case food) for a reason that is not associated with an increase in costs. Q2. Suppose the cable TV industry is currently unregulated. However, due to complaints from consumers that the pric e of cable TV is too high, the legislature is considering placing a price ceiling on cable TV below the current equilibrium price. If the government does make this price ceiling law, diagram and explain the effects with supply and demand analysis. If the cable TV company is worried about disgruntling customers, suppose that the company may introduce a different type of programming that is cheaper for the company to provide yet is equally appealing to customers. Explain what would be the effects of this action. A2- In this example, if the government were to impose a price decrease from Price $(A) to Price $(B) this would naturally drive the demand from its Equilibrium level to a level of Q(B). However, the cable company may not want to provide all of this excess service to new customers (Owing to high costs associated with new cable lines etc) so it is likely that this government imposed decrease in price would be driven from Equilibrium to Q(A) resulting in a shortage of supply. Nat urally, this action would enrage customers. What the company may choose to do is offer a price discrimination strategy wherein they could charge the new government imposed low price for a basic service cable service and continue a higher price strategy for a more premium service. Q3. Consider a perfectly competitive market. Analyze and explain in detail using graphical tools to show what you expect to happen to the number of firms and firm profitability in the short run and long run a) if demand for the product falls and b) if demand for the product rises. A3. As you can see from the above graph, if in a perfectly competitive market the quantity demanded for a product increases the demand curve will shift to the right and the price of a good will increase in the short term (Which would have a positive effect on the profitability of a firm). However, because the market is perfectly competitive more players would enter this market which would effectively drive the price down until its original equilibrium was once again attained. However the opposite could also hold true, insofar as if the demand for a good decreases the price of goods would also decrease (Which would have negative consequences for firms operating in this market). At this point several firms would no longer compete in this market and the quantity of goods supplied would decrease which would drive the price of goods back to its original position. Q4- Discuss why some long-run average cost curves are steeper on the

The effect of concentration of sugar on osmotic activity

The effect of concentration of sugar on osmotic activity Scientific Theory: Osmosis is defined as the movement of water molecules through a semi- permeable membrane from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until a state of equilibrium is reached. Equilibrium is reached once enough water has moved to balance the solute concentration on both sides of the membrane. Semi-permeable membranes let small molecules such as water and oxygen to travel through it but large molecules such as proteins are prevented from going through it as it is only partially permeable. Osmosis occurs across a partially permeable membrane whenever there is a difference between the water concentrations on the two sides of the membrane. When this happens to the cells they will either become turgid if water flows into them, or flaccid if water flows out of them. In this diagram the membrane separates pure water from a solution of sucrose and water. The membrane is semi permeable, water molecules can cross it but the sucrose molecules are too large. The water solution will move from a lower concentration of solutes to one with a higher concentration of solutes. A solution with pure solutes has more molecules that are free to move about and follow their concentration gradient across the membrane; as a result there will be net movement of water across this membrane from left to right (shown by the yellow arrows on diagram above). Sugar solution has a low water potential (not many water molecules).The water potential in the solution would be lower than that in the potato cell so the net movement of water will move out of the potato through its membrane into the sugar solution and so the potatos mass will decrease. The opposite happens in water where the water potential is much higher than in the potato (almost 0). Here the net movement of water will move into the potato in order to reaching equilibrium and so the weight of the potato increases. AIM: To investigate the effect of varying concentration of a certain sugar solution on the amount of osmotic activity between the solution and two vegetables (potato and sweet potato) of the same mass. To investigate if the additional glucose in sweet potato has an effect on its mass compared to the normal potato. Preliminary work: Before I start to carry out an experiment to investigate my aim, I am going to conduct a simple experiment to verify my knowledge of osmosis. Doing this experiment will also help me to improve my main experiment. Plan: For my preliminary experiment I will be using three different solutions: sugar solution, pure water, a solution consisting of 50% water and 50% sugar solution. I will also be using potato chips which are all equal in mass. A cork borer will be used to cut out 3 potato cylinders, the mass of the potato cylinders will be Measured to make sure that they are equal in weight. Then the mass of each of the potato chip will be recorded. Next 3 measuring tubes will be placed on a test tube rack. Using a measuring cylinder tube 20ml of water, sugar solution and the solution consisting of 50% water and 50% sugar solution will be measured out and put into three different test tubes. In order to avoid any mix ups each test tube will be clearly labelled. One potato chip will be placed in each solution and left for half an hour. Afterwards the potatoes will be taken out of the solutions and their masses will be measured and recorded. Results: Starting mass (g) Mass after (g) Difference (g) Percent difference 100% Water 0.48 0.55 0.07 + 6% 50% Water and 50% sugar 0.46 0.43 +0.03 -14% 100 % Sugar 0.47 0.36 +0.11 -23% Diagram: Analysis: From the results that I have obtained, I can see a negative correlation between the concentration of the sugar in the solution and the mass of the potato chip at the end of the experiment. While the solution containing 100% sugar decreased in mass by 0.11g and the solution containing 50% sugar decreased in mass by 0.03g, the solution that contained 0% sugar increased in mass by 0.07g. This shows that in the two solutions containing sugar the mass decreased because water molecules moved out of the potato chips into the solution. The opposite happened with the water solution; water moved from the solution into the potato chip. Overall I was please with the results as they agreed with what I have already learned about osmosis. The results that I got also showed trends that could later be expanded in my main e experiment. Changes: Over all my preliminary experiment was a success and the results I obtained were precise and useful. However for my main experiment I am going to make some improvements so that I can get the best possible results. Firstly I am going to experiment with sweet potato chips as well as potato chips because I would like to investigate if the additional glucose in the sweet potato has an effect on its mass. In addition I am going to be using a wider selection of sugar concentrations in order to collect a larger quantity of accurate results. I am going to use water and 4 other concentrations. This will enable me to write a conclusion that is more accurate. In my preliminary experiment I only did the experiment once. I am going to repeat my main experiment three times, by doing so I will gain more confidence in my results as they will be more reliable. By repeating the experiment I will be able to identify any anomalies. Further more in my preliminary experiment I could not take the potato ch ips out of the solutions at the same time. I also encountered this problem when putting the potato chips into the solutions. For my main experiment I am going to overcome this problem by asking a few of my associates to help me put the potato chips into the solution and take them out at the same time. This will make my results more accurate and fair. Main Experiment Prediction: I predict that for the potato chip in water the mass will increase because water has a higher water potential than the potato chip so water molecules will move from the water into the potato chip, causing it to increase in weight. The opposite happens with sugar solution because sugar solution has low water potential so water molecules will move out of the potato chip into the sugar solution. Thus I predict that as the concentration of sugar in the solution increases the mass of the potato cylinders will decrease. I would expect sweet potatoes to have a lower water potential (not many water molecule) than normal potatoes, because they are sweet and therefore must have contain sugar. Hence for the sweet potato chips I predict that at first the mass of the sweet potato will increase but, as the concentration of sugar in the solution increases past the isotonic point the mass of the potato cylinders will decrease. I predict that the graphs for the both the vegetables will be similar.My prediction can be demonstrated in the following graphs: Sweet Potato Potato Safety: While I carry out this experiment, it is important to consider safety. Lack of safety in science labs can not only endanger me and my fellow class mates but can also produce poor and useless results. Following safety procedures protects the lab, its people and the environment. Safe labs also help produce effective results. These are the safety measures I took: All bags were kept well away from the area of work so that no pathways were being obstructed and the risk of someone tripping over was reduced. All stools were tucked in under the tables in order to avoid a passer-by tripping over. Both this point and the one above can prove to be fatal if the victim is holding any dangerous equipment e.g. Scalpel, acid etc. It can also cause spills. Loose hair was tied up; sleeves rolled up and head scarfs tucked away. Hair and clothing can get in the way while working. It is also dangerous and can cause spills, ruin experiments and even potentially harm me or others around me. No earphones, scarves or jewellery was worn as these can catch on equipment and cause spill or damages. Safely glasses were worn at all times to ensure our eyes were protected from and potential danger. It was made sure that the work area was clear of any unnecessary items such as reading books and folders as these can get in the way and cause accidents. Working quietly and carefully. Talking unnecessarily can be a distraction to me and others around me, when distracted it is easier to make mistakes that can not only be dangerous but can also affect my results. Chipped and cracked glass wear was not used as this could break more easily if handled a lot and create a mess. It can also cause injuries. Extreme care was taken when using equipment made of glass e.g. test tubes. Eating and drinking in the labs is forbidden as the food may come into contact with some harmful substance. This could be unsafe for the consumer. When using knifes a non-slip surface was used to cut on so that no one was injured. After finishing the experiments, I washed my hands because my hands could be contaminated with chemicals, even if they were not used by me. All equipment was safely stored away after use as leaving unwanted equipment around can cause accidents and get in the way. Accuracy and Reliability There are the tasks, which I undertook to ensure reliable and precise results were produced. To eliminate all possibilities of faulty errors; I repeated my experiment three times. In addition, I had no less than 5 different concentrations, so I obtained adequate results. In order to increase the reliability of the results, I found more precise values of mass by using an Electronic balance. When measuring the potato and sweet potato cylinders, I waited for at least 10 seconds to ensure that the figure displayed on the digital scale was not flicking. If any readings seemed anomalous, I took an additional reading just to be sure. I collaboratively, with the help of 3 other members, measured the mass of the potato and sweet potato cylinders individually. This gave more reliable results as the masses of all the potato cylinders were measured about the same time. I used pieces from the same potato and sweet potato for each of the 5 pieces in each test. I used exactly the same method for each test to make the comparison much more reliable. Equipment Goggles: These were worn for safety reasons to avoid anything from coming into contact with the eyes. Electronic balance: I used this apparatus to measure the mass of the potato and sweet potato cylinders before and after they were put in their molar solutions. Electronic balances are also more accurate that normal balances. Test tubes: These were used to hold the molar solution and the potato/ sweet potato cylinder for each molar solution for every experiment and test. Healthy potatoes: This was one of two main vegetables used for the experiment. Healthy sweet potatoes: This is the second vegetable that was used for the experiment. This vegetable was mainly used so that I could investigate if the additional glucose in sweet potato has an effect on its mass compared to the normal potato. Chopping board: This was used to cut the potato cylinders on. Using this not only kept the lad neat and tidy but also prevented injuries as it is a non-slip surface. Knife: This was used to cut the potato cylinders if the mass was too much. Timer/stop watch: This was used to time the experiment. It is also more accurate than using a clock. Paper towels: These were used to pat the potatoes dry before being measured at the end of the experiment. If the potatoes were measured without being dried first then the additional liquid on the potato can cause it to increase the mass. Test tube rack: This was used to hold the test tubes. Sugar solutions (1 molar and 2 molar): These solutions were very significant for the experiment, as they, with the potato cylinders, caused osmosis to occur. Water: Used to make certain concentrations of sugar solution. Cork borer: To cut the same shape potato pieces. Measuring cylinder: To measure out certain amounts of water and sugar solution. Labels: -To labels the test tubes so it is easier to identify the contents inside each test tube. Variables: In this investigation I had three different variables: The independent variable This is a factor that can be changed. The dependant variable What you measure and what is affected in the experiment. Fixed variable- The factors you keep the same. The independent variables: I changed the concentration of the sugar solution. I used; water, 0.5 molar sugar solution ,1 molar sugar solution, 1.5 molar sugar solution and finally 2 molar sugar solution. I also changed the types of potato used (sweet potato and normal potato) The dependant variables: I measured the mass of the sweet potatoes and potatoes before placing in the solutions and after. This is something that is affected during the course of the experiment. Fixed variable: All the potatoes and sweet potatoes I used were that same in mass (0.64g). The volume of each solution in each test tube was also the same (20ml). In addition I kept the potato and sweet potatoes in the solutions for the same length of time (40 minutes) Fair test: It is only by carrying out a fair test that I can be sure that it is what I have changed (independent variable) that is affecting what I measured (dependent variable). In order to get accurate results I needed to ensure that my test was fair. Therefore in this experiment I controlled: The volume of solution in each beaker The mass of the potatoes and sweet potatoes at the start of the experiment The length of time the potatoes and sweet potatoes were left in the solution. I ensured that the potato and sweet potato cylinders were put in the solutions and taken out of the solutions at the same time. Method: Firstly get 2 test tube racks and place 5 test tubes on each rack label one test tube rack sweet potato and label the other rack potato Get some sticky labels and label each test tube with the solution it is going to contain (water, 0.5 molar, 1 molar, 1.5 molar, 2 molar,). Do this for the test tubes on both racks. Using the measuring cylinder measure out 20ml of 1 molar sugar and pour into the test tube labelled 1 molar. Then measure out 20 ml of 2 molar sugar solution and pour in to the test tube marked 2 molar. After measure out 20 ml of water and pour in to the test tube marked water Next make the different concentrations of sugar solution. (1 molar and 2 molar are already provided). -To make 0.5 molar: use the measuring cylinder to measure out 5 ml of 1 molar sugar solution and 15ml of water. Mix these together and pour into the test tube labelled 0.5 molar. To make 1.5 molar: use the measuring cylinder to measure out 15 ml of 1 molar sugar solution and 5ml of water. Mix these together and pour into the test tube labelled 1.5 molar. (Do the above 5 points for all the test tubes on both racks. By the end of point 6 you should have two test tube racks one labelled potato and the other labelled sweet potato, each rack must hold 5 test tubes, each test tube must be labelled with the solution that it holds e.g. water, 1 molarà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦etc.) Afterwards, get a healthy potato; make sure the skin is peeled. Using the cork borer cut out 5 potato cylinders. Using the electronic balance, weigh all the potato cylinders. They should all weigh around 0.64g. If they dont then alter them accordingly using a chopping bored and knife and place to a side. Remember to record the masses. Subsequently, get a healthy sweet potato. Once again make sure the skin has been peeled. Using the cork borer cut out 5 potato cylinders. Using the electronic balance, weigh all the sweet potato cylinders. They should all weigh around 0.64g. If they dont then alter them accordingly using a knife and a chopping bored. Remember to record the masses. Then both the sweet potato and normal potato must be put in to the solutions, each test tube must contain either 1 potato cylinder or 1 sweet potato cylinder. Make sure all the cylinders of potatoes and sweet potatoes are dropped into the solutions at the same time (ask help from classmates if needed). The timer should also be started now. (Leave the solutions in this state for 4o min) After 40 min, the potatoes and sweet potatoes must be removed from their solutions. Again, they should all be taken out at the same time (again ask for help if needed). Make sure the potato cylinders do not get mixed up; ensure that you know which cylinder came from which solution. Dry each cylinder and measure its mass one by one. Ensure that the masses are recorded once again. (All the above was repeated 2 more times to increase the reliability in my results) Diagram: Observations: During the experiment I noticed that some of the potato and sweet potato cylinders in higher concentrations of sugar started to float. In the 1.5 and 2 molar sugar solutions the potato has higher water potential that the sugar solution so water molecules from the potato cells would have moved into the sugar solution, this made the potato cylinders float to the top of the solution rather than stay at the bottom of the beaker because it became lighter. This happened after approximately 10 -15 minutes. After approximately 20 minutes the potato cell in 1 molar sugar solution started to float as well. This is because as the potato cells are losing water molecules, they gradually become lighter. The potato in water did not float, nor were there any visible changes. All the above applies to both the sweet potato and normal potato. A difference I noticed between the two types of potato was that while the potato in the 0.5 molar solution floated a slightly, the sweet potato in the 0.5 molar solution did not float at all, it remained still, similar to the potato cylinders in water. I also noticed that the potato cylinders floated higher than the sweet potato cylinders. Calculations: Below are the calculations I did to work our various aspect of the results: Percentage change in mass = Change in mass x 100 Original mass Averages = All three masses in one category added The number of different masses Change in mass = New Mass Original Mass Analysis: Both the graphs show negative correlation between the concentration of the sugar in the solution and the mass of the potato chip at the end of the experiment. It is clear from the graphs that osmosis has taken place. Potato: For the potato cylinder put in water (0% sugar) the potatoes mass has increased 21.87% form 0.64 grams to 0.73 grams, this shows that because water has a higher water potential than the potato cylinder, water molecules have moved from the water into the potato causing its weight to increase. When this happens the cell becomes turgid (hard and swollen).For the potatoes in all the other solutions (1 molar, 0.5 molar, 1.5 molar and 2 molar) the mass of the potatoes decreased. This shows that water molecules have moved out of the potato cell into the sugar solutions. When a cell loses water in such a way the cell become flaccid, which is the opposite of turgid. Sweet potato: For the sweet potato cylinder that was placed in water the mass increased as expected. This happened because water moved from the solution into the sweet potato. For all the other molarities, except the sweet potato placed in 0.5 molar solution, the changes were the same as for the potato. For the sweet potato placed in 0.5 molar solution the mass increased from 0.64 grams to 0.65 grams. There was a 0.01 gram increase in the mass of the sweet potato by the end of the experiment. This suggests that my prediction was correct: I expected sweet potatoes to have a lower water potential than normal potatoes because they are sweet and therefore must have contain sugar. Hence for the sweet potato chips I predicted that at first the mass of the sweet potato will increase but, as the concentration of sugar in the solution increases past the isotonic point the mass of the potato cylinders will decrease. There was a 0.01 gram increase in the mass of the sweet potato by the end of the experiment. 0.01g is extremely close to 0g. On the graph, if you look at this point, it is clear that the range bar is in between 1.56% and 0%. If there had been a 0% chang e in mass, it would mean that a state of equilibrium had been reached. This is a point where the concentration of water inside the sweet potato cell is the same as the concentration of water in the solution which the sweet potato is in. my results imply that the reason the mass of the sweet potato in the 0.5 molar sugar solution increased in because the water potential of the sweet potato was slightly lower than that of the water. As a result water molecules moved in to the sweet potato cell. The sweet potato in 1.5 molar sugar solution decreased weight because the concentration of sugar in the solution had increased passed the isotonic point (equilibrium). Conclusion: My graphs show that osmosis has taken place. There was a negative correlation between the concentration of sugar in the solution and the mass of the potato or sweet potato cell at the end of the experiment. Over all the results that I obtained have answered my aim; varying the concentration of the sugar does have an affect on the mass of the vegetable and the additional sugar in sweet potato does have an effect on its mass when compared with normal potatoes. With the results I have obtained I can conclude that the higher the concentration of sugar in the solution, the more mass the potato looses. The graph also shows that the opposite happened when the concentration of water in the solution is higher. So I can conclude this by saying: the higher that concentration of water in the solution the more mass the potato gains. This applies for both the potato and sweet potato. However because of the additional sugar in the sweet potato, the mass of the sweet potato will only decrease after the concentration of sugar in the solution increases past the isotonic point (point of equilibrium). To make full sense of the conclusion, a recap on osmosis and the affect on cells are required. When there is a high concentration of water in the solution and a plant cell with low concentration of water into water, the water would move into the plant cell by osmosis. Osmosis is defined as the movement of water molecules through a semi- permeable membrane from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until a state of equilibrium is reached. Equilibrium is reached once enough water has moved to balance the solute concentration on both sides of the membrane. Osmosis occurs across a partially permeable membrane whenever there is a difference between the water concentrations on the two sides of the membrane. When this happens to the cells they will either become turgid if water flows into them, or flaccid if water flows out of them. The results that I have obtained in this experiment support the prediction that I made using scientific theory and my preliminary experiment. Evaluation: Overall I was please with the results that I gained as they agreed with what I have already learned about osmosis. I believe I have gained reliable results, which supports the scientific theory. After making changes to my main experiment from the preliminary experiment I faced no difficulties. The equipment that I used was suitable, I managed to collect adequate data and the investigation that I organised was effective, as can be seen from my results. I was able to get enough results to come to a strong and explanative conclusion. I believe that my results were reasonably accurate as I did the experiment 3 times and found that the repeated results were mostly very close together. With these results I was able to construct two, very accurate and informative graphs. My results were free from any major anomalies that did not fit the regular pattern. However there were one or two very minor anomalies that could have been caused by the following: Some limitations or experimental errors could have occurred during the investigation, which I did not realise and could have led to some miscalculations in my results. The main limitation could have been the change in temperature of the room during the experiment. High temperatures could have altered the rate at which osmosis takes place. Another potential problem in the investigation may be tampering, as the investigation was carried out in a lab which is in constant use. This could have resulted in students playing with the apparatus, which could have affected the out come of my results. Also when drying the potato chips after the allotted time it was inevitable that they would have excess water on them, and so we dabbed them with paper towels to remove it. However, in doing this we could have removed water that was not excess, and altered our results. To make my investigation more reliable and accurate I could make some improvements. Firstly I could use a wider and more precise rage of sugar concentrations. If I did this I would have a wider range of results to work with so it would be more accurate and I would be able to come to a more secure conclusion. Another improvement I would make if repeating the experiment is to dry all the potato cylinders the same. I used paper towels to dry the potato cylinders, which caused variation between the potatoes as sum where dried more thorough and for longer than others which affects their mass, and those potato cylinders that have not been dried as much as others will have more excess water and therefore a greater mass. In the future I would develop a method to dry the potatoes in a way that is fair. Further investigations may be to investigate using lengths or shapes of potatoes, to see affect of osmosis upon them. I could do a comparative study, where I see the effects of osmosis on potatoes which have been altered to do specific breeding, e.g. grow in a hot climate, etc. I could do a study into surface area or the effects of temperature upon osmosis, to identify the best temperature in which osmosis occurs. I could also investigate the affects of osmosis on different vegetables such as aubergine, turnip, carrots.